WGU PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
While assessing a male client, a nurse finds erythema, swelling, and tenderness of the
scrotum. The client also reports pain in the scrotum. Which disorder does the nurse
suspect in the client? - ANSWER -Testicular torsion
A digital rectal examination (DRE) in a client reveals the enlargement of the prostate
gland that is firm, painless, and generalized. Which medications will the nurse anticipate
from the primary health-care provider to treat the client? - ANSWER -Alpha-blockers &
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
Alpha-blockers help to relax the smooth muscles of the prostate but do not aid in
reducing the size of the prostate.
While assessing a male client, a nurse observes swelling in the scrotum due to the
collection of serous fluid. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? -
ANSWER -HYDROcele
Which disorder can occur due to HIV? - ANSWER -Testicular cancer
Which artery provides engorgement of the glans during erection? - ANSWER -Dorsal
After examining an elderly client's penis, a nurse finds the presence of scar tissue in the
corpora cavernosum. On further assessment, the nurse confirms Peyronie's disease in
the client. Which finding supports the nurse's confirmation? - ANSWER -Presence of a
curved penis
A nurse teaches intervention to a client for healthy spermatogenesis. During a follow-up
visit, the nurse finds that the client has risk for diminished sperm production. Which
statement of the client supports the nurse's conclusion? - ANSWER -"I should take a
hot bath regularly."
During an assessment, a nurse observes the signs of diminished secondary sexual
characteristics in an adult male client. What should be the appropriate nursing action? -
ANSWER -Measure the morning serum testosterone levels.
Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone? -
ANSWER -Luteinizing hormone
Which cells secrete inhibin hormone? - ANSWER -Sertoli cells
Which condition can cause ischemia of the testicle? - ANSWER -Testicular torsion
,While assessing a male client, a nurse observes that the client has a small penis, long
legs, short trunk, enlarged breast tissues, small testicles, and sexual dysfunction. What
reason does the nurse suspect from these findings? - ANSWER -Presence of an extra
X chromosome
Which gland secretes a lubricating fluid that coats the urethra during sexual arousal? -
ANSWER -Bulbourethral gland
Endocrine System - ANSWER -Consists of glands secreting hormones into the
bloodstream
Hormone Regulation - ANSWER -Hormones act on target cells by binding to specific
receptors
Homeostasis Maintenance - ANSWER -Hormones regulate physiological parameters for
internal balance
Growth and Development - ANSWER -Hormones influence growth, muscle
development, and maturation
Stress Response - ANSWER -Endocrine system releases cortisol to adapt to stressors
Autoimmune Diseases - ANSWER -Immune system attacks endocrine glands, causing
disorders
Neoplastic Growth - ANSWER -Tumors in glands disrupt hormone production and
functions
Pituitary Gland Disorders - ANSWER -Conditions affecting pituitary hormone secretion
levels
Hypopituitarism - ANSWER -Underactivity of pituitary gland causing hormone
deficiencies
Hyperpituitarism - ANSWER -Overactivity of pituitary gland leading to hormone excess
SIADH - ANSWER -Excessive antidiuretic hormone secretion causing water retention
Thyroid Disorders - ANSWER -Conditions affecting thyroid hormone production and
function
Graves' Disease - ANSWER -Autoimmune hyperthyroidism with goiter and eye
involvement
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER -Underactive thyroid gland causing hormone deficiency
symptoms
, Thyrotoxicosis - ANSWER -Excessive thyroid hormone activity in the body
Adrenal Gland Disorders - ANSWER -Conditions affecting adrenal hormone production
and function
Cushing's Disease - ANSWER -Hypercortisolism due to excessive ACTH production
Addison's Disease - ANSWER -Adrenal insufficiency from autoimmune adrenal
destruction
Pheochromocytoma - ANSWER -Adrenal tumor producing excess catecholamines
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER -Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER -Insulin resistance leading to decreased insulin production
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER -Severe hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic
acidosis
While performing the genital assessment of a male client, a nurse observes that the
client has curvature of the penis. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? -
ANSWER -Peyronie's disease
A client tells a nurse, "My erections lasts for several hours and are painful. "Which
medication found in the client's prescription is responsible? - ANSWER -Sildenafil
A nurse observes that a newborn has an abnormally positioned urethral orifice of the
penis. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the newborn? - ANSWER -Hypospadias
Which physical finding in a client will lead a nurse to suspect paraphimosis? - ANSWER
-Permanent retracted position of the foreskin behind the penis
A registered nurse is teaching about the medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH) to a group of student nurses. Which statement of a student nurse indicates the
need for further teaching? - ANSWER -"Alpha-blockers REDUCE the size of the
prostate."
Which hormone stimulates Sertoli cells to synthesize spermatozoa? - ANSWER -
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
While assessing a male client for reproductive disorders, the primary health-care
provider wants to understand whether the client has prostate cancer or benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH). Which diagnostic test will the nurse expect in this case? - ANSWER
-Both A and B
(Ultrasound
SET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
While assessing a male client, a nurse finds erythema, swelling, and tenderness of the
scrotum. The client also reports pain in the scrotum. Which disorder does the nurse
suspect in the client? - ANSWER -Testicular torsion
A digital rectal examination (DRE) in a client reveals the enlargement of the prostate
gland that is firm, painless, and generalized. Which medications will the nurse anticipate
from the primary health-care provider to treat the client? - ANSWER -Alpha-blockers &
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors
Alpha-blockers help to relax the smooth muscles of the prostate but do not aid in
reducing the size of the prostate.
While assessing a male client, a nurse observes swelling in the scrotum due to the
collection of serous fluid. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? -
ANSWER -HYDROcele
Which disorder can occur due to HIV? - ANSWER -Testicular cancer
Which artery provides engorgement of the glans during erection? - ANSWER -Dorsal
After examining an elderly client's penis, a nurse finds the presence of scar tissue in the
corpora cavernosum. On further assessment, the nurse confirms Peyronie's disease in
the client. Which finding supports the nurse's confirmation? - ANSWER -Presence of a
curved penis
A nurse teaches intervention to a client for healthy spermatogenesis. During a follow-up
visit, the nurse finds that the client has risk for diminished sperm production. Which
statement of the client supports the nurse's conclusion? - ANSWER -"I should take a
hot bath regularly."
During an assessment, a nurse observes the signs of diminished secondary sexual
characteristics in an adult male client. What should be the appropriate nursing action? -
ANSWER -Measure the morning serum testosterone levels.
Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone? -
ANSWER -Luteinizing hormone
Which cells secrete inhibin hormone? - ANSWER -Sertoli cells
Which condition can cause ischemia of the testicle? - ANSWER -Testicular torsion
,While assessing a male client, a nurse observes that the client has a small penis, long
legs, short trunk, enlarged breast tissues, small testicles, and sexual dysfunction. What
reason does the nurse suspect from these findings? - ANSWER -Presence of an extra
X chromosome
Which gland secretes a lubricating fluid that coats the urethra during sexual arousal? -
ANSWER -Bulbourethral gland
Endocrine System - ANSWER -Consists of glands secreting hormones into the
bloodstream
Hormone Regulation - ANSWER -Hormones act on target cells by binding to specific
receptors
Homeostasis Maintenance - ANSWER -Hormones regulate physiological parameters for
internal balance
Growth and Development - ANSWER -Hormones influence growth, muscle
development, and maturation
Stress Response - ANSWER -Endocrine system releases cortisol to adapt to stressors
Autoimmune Diseases - ANSWER -Immune system attacks endocrine glands, causing
disorders
Neoplastic Growth - ANSWER -Tumors in glands disrupt hormone production and
functions
Pituitary Gland Disorders - ANSWER -Conditions affecting pituitary hormone secretion
levels
Hypopituitarism - ANSWER -Underactivity of pituitary gland causing hormone
deficiencies
Hyperpituitarism - ANSWER -Overactivity of pituitary gland leading to hormone excess
SIADH - ANSWER -Excessive antidiuretic hormone secretion causing water retention
Thyroid Disorders - ANSWER -Conditions affecting thyroid hormone production and
function
Graves' Disease - ANSWER -Autoimmune hyperthyroidism with goiter and eye
involvement
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER -Underactive thyroid gland causing hormone deficiency
symptoms
, Thyrotoxicosis - ANSWER -Excessive thyroid hormone activity in the body
Adrenal Gland Disorders - ANSWER -Conditions affecting adrenal hormone production
and function
Cushing's Disease - ANSWER -Hypercortisolism due to excessive ACTH production
Addison's Disease - ANSWER -Adrenal insufficiency from autoimmune adrenal
destruction
Pheochromocytoma - ANSWER -Adrenal tumor producing excess catecholamines
Type 1 Diabetes - ANSWER -Autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells
Type 2 Diabetes - ANSWER -Insulin resistance leading to decreased insulin production
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - ANSWER -Severe hyperglycemia, ketosis, and metabolic
acidosis
While performing the genital assessment of a male client, a nurse observes that the
client has curvature of the penis. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client? -
ANSWER -Peyronie's disease
A client tells a nurse, "My erections lasts for several hours and are painful. "Which
medication found in the client's prescription is responsible? - ANSWER -Sildenafil
A nurse observes that a newborn has an abnormally positioned urethral orifice of the
penis. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the newborn? - ANSWER -Hypospadias
Which physical finding in a client will lead a nurse to suspect paraphimosis? - ANSWER
-Permanent retracted position of the foreskin behind the penis
A registered nurse is teaching about the medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH) to a group of student nurses. Which statement of a student nurse indicates the
need for further teaching? - ANSWER -"Alpha-blockers REDUCE the size of the
prostate."
Which hormone stimulates Sertoli cells to synthesize spermatozoa? - ANSWER -
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
While assessing a male client for reproductive disorders, the primary health-care
provider wants to understand whether the client has prostate cancer or benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH). Which diagnostic test will the nurse expect in this case? - ANSWER
-Both A and B
(Ultrasound
