TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSNeither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Define Cushing's triad - ANSBradycardia, progressive hypertension (widening pulse
v v v v v v v v
pressure), and decreased respiratory effort
v v v v v
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock - ANSDistributive shock with a T6 or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
higher injury results and vasodilation, bradycardia, flushed warm dry skin. Risk for
v v v v v v v v v v v v
temperature instability. Nursing interventions include maintaining warmth and spinal
v v v v v v v v v
stabilization.
v
Define the characteristics of spinal shock - ANSTransient loss of function can include
v v v v v v v v v v v v
loss of reflexes and muscle tone below the level of industry with possible vascular
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
response.
v
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its characteristics -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSWith longform fractures. Tachycardia, Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
v v v v v v v v
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSCardiogenic shock results from
v v v v v v v v v v
pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and an organ perfusion occurs secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
or valvular insufficiency. This can happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
can include low blood pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
shortness of breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist skin
v v v v v v v v v v v
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSDistributive shock occurs as a
v v v v v v v v v v v
result of Mel distribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vascular tone or increased permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
or anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate
v v v v v v v v v v v
preload and afterload, spinal tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin
v v v v v v v v v v v v
with a cool core temperature.
v v v v v
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSHypovolemia is caused by a
v v v v v v v v v v v
decrease in the amount of circulating volume usually caused by massive bleeding, but
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
also can be from vomiting and diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
preload, increase heart rate respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Signs include obvious bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
distended abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed extremities
v v v v v v v v v v
especially long bones.
v v v
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSObstructive shock is it
v v v v v v v v v v
mechanical problem that results from hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
in either the vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output. Some
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
,TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or venous air embolism on
v v v v v v v v v v v
the right side of the heart during systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses
v v v v v v v v v v v
paradoxes.
v
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury - ANSCentral cord injury results in greater
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
weakness distally, anterior injury includes motor loss or weakness below the cord level
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of injury yet sensory is intact, Brown-Sequard (hemicord) is weak on one side with
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
sensory deficit on opposite side, posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
patient is unable to use sense vibration in proprioception
v v v v v v v v v
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSMeasure from the tip of the patient's nose
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to the tip of the patients earlobe.
v v v v v v v
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. - ANSThe
v v v v v v v v v v v
first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
occurs after the initial impact when the occupant continues to move in the original
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
direction of travel until they collide with the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within the body cavity.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Measurement of an OPA - ANSPlace the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSPlacement of a CO2 monitoring
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
lung fields for equal breath sounds.
v v v v v v
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. - ANSFalse. When placing one of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
these? One should consider the potential need for a definitive airway.
v v v v v v v v v v v
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSThe point of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure - ANSheadache, vomiting,
v v v v v v v v v v v
behavioral changes that begin with restlessness and may progress to confusion,
v v v v v v v v v v v
drowsiness, or impaired judgment
v v v v
What are the four types of shock? - ANSHypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, &
v v v v v v v v v v v
Distributive
v
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSBlunt, penetrating, thermal, or
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
blast.
v
,TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSLoss of airway patency, displaced
v v v v v v v v v v v v
obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status change in vital signs or level of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
v v v v v v v v
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure - ANSdilated, non-reactive
v v v v v v v v v v v
pupil(s); abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension, flaccidity); Cushing's triad,
v v v v v v v v v
Unresponsive to per verbal and painful stimuli, bradycardia and decreased respiratory
v v v v v v v v v v v
effort
v
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSUp and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? - ANSDecreased level of
v v v v v v v v v v v v
consciousness, hypertension, narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak pulses,
v v v v v v v v v
tachypnea, skin that is cool clammy and cyanotic, base access outside the normal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
range, and serum lactate levels greater than two to 4MMOL/L.
v v v v v v v v v v
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? - ANSObtunded stuporous or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
comatose state, marked hypertension and heart failure, bradycardia with possible
v v v v v v v v v v
dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory rate, pale cool and clammy skin,
v v v v v v v v v v v
kidney liver and other organ failure, severe acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
worsening base access on ABGs, coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the signs of compensated shock? - ANSAnxiety, confusion, restlessness,
v v v v v v v v v v
increased respiratory rate, narrowing pulse pressure were diastolic increases yet
v v v v v v v v v v
systolic remains unchanged, tachycardia with bounding pulses, and decreased urinary
v v v v v v v v v v
output
v
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma? - ANSDecreased LOC, nausea
v v v v v v v v v v v
vomiting headache and ipsilateral pupillary changes
v v v v v v
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating
v v v v v v v v v v v v
trauma's? - ANSThe point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to the object.
v v v
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and blood
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
stream - ANSVentilation: the active mechanical movement of air into and out of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
an area of lower concentration; and perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the entire body.
v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the three stages of shock - ANSCompensated, decompensated or
v v v v v v v v v v
progressive, and irreversible.
v v v
, TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
What are the treatment goals for a TBI? - ANSO2 saturation > or equal to 95%, systolic
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
blood pressure > or equal to 100 MMHG, ICP < 15 MMHG, CPP > or equal to 60
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
MMHG, normal glycemia, hemoglobin > or equal to 7 g/DL, sodium 135-145, osmotic
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
diuretics, anti-emetics, sedatives, anticonvulsants, head of bed at 30°, and neck at
v v v v v v v v v v v v
midline
v
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ANSAll explosion related injuries,
v v v v v v v v v v v
illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include external
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and open brain injuries, asthmatic or breathing
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes, angina, or hyper glycemia and
v v v v v v v v v v v v
hypertension.
v
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? - ANSThose associated with exposure
v v v v v v v v v v v
to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical components of a blast.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Injuries include a variety of health effects depending on agent.
v v v v v v v v v v
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ANSThe direct blast effects. Types
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle ear damage,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic brain injury.
v v v v v v v v v v
What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ANSProjectiles propelled by the
v v v v v v v v v v v v
explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
v v v v v v v v v v
What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ANSResults from individuals being
v v v v v v v v v v v v
thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body translocation from being
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
thrown against a hard service: blunt or penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic
v v v v v v v v v v v
amputations.
v
What is a trademark symptom of an epidural hematoma - ANSLoss of consciousness
v v v v v v v v v v v v
then awake and alert then loss of consciousness
v v v v v v v v
What is bending? - ANSLoading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the
v v v v v v v v v v v v
side the person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
v v v v v v v v v v v
What is combined loading? - ANSAny combination of tension compression torsion
v v v v v v v v v v
bending and/or shear.
v v v
What is compression? - ANSCrushing by squeezing together
v v v v v v v
What is Cullen's sign and its significance? - ANSCullens sign is periumbilical bruising
v v v v v v v v v v v v
and is indicative of intraperitoneal bleeding
v v v v v v
What is shearing? - ANSDamage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
in opposite directions at the same time.
v v v v v v v
What is tension? - ANSstretching force by pulling at opposite ends
v v v v v v v v v v
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
According to newtons law which of these two force is greater: size or force? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSNeither. For each force there is an equal and opposite reaction.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Define Cushing's triad - ANSBradycardia, progressive hypertension (widening pulse
v v v v v v v v
pressure), and decreased respiratory effort
v v v v v
Define the characteristics of neurogenic shock - ANSDistributive shock with a T6 or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
higher injury results and vasodilation, bradycardia, flushed warm dry skin. Risk for
v v v v v v v v v v v v
temperature instability. Nursing interventions include maintaining warmth and spinal
v v v v v v v v v
stabilization.
v
Define the characteristics of spinal shock - ANSTransient loss of function can include
v v v v v v v v v v v v
loss of reflexes and muscle tone below the level of industry with possible vascular
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
response.
v
Describe one fat embolism syndrome is most likely to occur in its characteristics -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSWith longform fractures. Tachycardia, Thrombocytopenia, and petechiae rash.
v v v v v v v v
Describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock - ANSCardiogenic shock results from
v v v v v v v v v v
pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. Lack of cardiac output
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and an organ perfusion occurs secondary to a decrease in myocardial contractility and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
or valvular insufficiency. This can happen with blunt cardiac trauma or an MI. Symptoms
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
can include low blood pressure increase heart rate and respiratory rate chest pain
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
shortness of breath dysrhythmias increase troponin and pale cool moist skin
v v v v v v v v v v v
Describe the characteristics of distributive shock. - ANSDistributive shock occurs as a
v v v v v v v v v v v
result of Mel distribution of an adequate circulating blood volume with the loss of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
vascular tone or increased permeability. This can occur with spinal cord injuries, sepsis,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
or anaphylaxis. Symptoms include low blood pressure heart rate respiratory rate
v v v v v v v v v v v
preload and afterload, spinal tenderness, difficulty breathing, warm pink and dry skin
v v v v v v v v v v v v
with a cool core temperature.
v v v v v
Describe the characteristics of hypovolemic shock - ANSHypovolemia is caused by a
v v v v v v v v v v v
decrease in the amount of circulating volume usually caused by massive bleeding, but
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
also can be from vomiting and diarrhea. Characteristics include low blood pressure and
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
preload, increase heart rate respiratory rate and afterload, with contractility unchanged.
v v v v v v v v v v v
Signs include obvious bleeding, weak peripheral pulses, pale cool and moist skin,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
distended abdomen, pelvic fracture, or bruise swollen and deformed extremities
v v v v v v v v v v
especially long bones.
v v v
Describe the characteristics of obstructive shock - ANSObstructive shock is it
v v v v v v v v v v
mechanical problem that results from hypoperfusion of the tissue due to an obstruction
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
in either the vasculature or the heart resulting in decreased cardiac output. Some
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
,TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
causes include a tension pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, or venous air embolism on
v v v v v v v v v v v
the right side of the heart during systole in the pulmonary artery.Signs include anxiety,
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
muffled heart sounds, JVD, hypertension, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or pulses
v v v v v v v v v v v
paradoxes.
v
Describe the four types of spinal cord injury - ANSCentral cord injury results in greater
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
weakness distally, anterior injury includes motor loss or weakness below the cord level
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of injury yet sensory is intact, Brown-Sequard (hemicord) is weak on one side with
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
sensory deficit on opposite side, posterior cord syndrome although rare is when the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
patient is unable to use sense vibration in proprioception
v v v v v v v v v
Describe the measurement of an NPA - ANSMeasure from the tip of the patient's nose
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to the tip of the patients earlobe.
v v v v v v v
Differentiate between the three impacts of motor vehicle impact sequence. - ANSThe
v v v v v v v v v v v
first impact occurs when the vehicle collided with another object. The second impact
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
occurs after the initial impact when the occupant continues to move in the original
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
direction of travel until they collide with the interior of the vehicle or meet resistance.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
The third impact occurs when internal structures collide within the body cavity.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Measurement of an OPA - ANSPlace the proximal end or flange of the airway adjunct at
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
the corner of the mouth to the tip of the mandibular angle.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Name the three ways to confirm ETT placement - ANSPlacement of a CO2 monitoring
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
device, Assessing for equal chest rise and fall, and listening at the epigastrium and four
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
lung fields for equal breath sounds.
v v v v v v
True or false: NPAs and OPAs are definitive airways. - ANSFalse. When placing one of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
these? One should consider the potential need for a definitive airway.
v v v v v v v v v v v
What are contributing factors to injuries related to blunt traumas? - ANSThe point of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
impact on the patient's body, the type of surface that is hit, the tissues ability to resist
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
(bone versus soft tissue, air-filled versus solid organs), and the trajectory of force.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the early signs of increased Intracranial pressure - ANSheadache, vomiting,
v v v v v v v v v v v
behavioral changes that begin with restlessness and may progress to confusion,
v v v v v v v v v v v
drowsiness, or impaired judgment
v v v v
What are the four types of shock? - ANSHypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, &
v v v v v v v v v v v
Distributive
v
What are the four types of trauma related injuries? - ANSBlunt, penetrating, thermal, or
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
blast.
v
,TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
What are the greatest risks for transport? - ANSLoss of airway patency, displaced
v v v v v v v v v v v v
obstructive tubes lines or catheters, dislodge splinting devices, need to replace or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
reinforce dressings, deterioration in patient status change in vital signs or level of
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
consciousness, injury to the patient and/or team members
v v v v v v v v
What are the late signs of Increased intracranial pressure - ANSdilated, non-reactive
v v v v v v v v v v v
pupil(s); abnormal motor posturing (flexion, extension, flaccidity); Cushing's triad,
v v v v v v v v v
Unresponsive to per verbal and painful stimuli, bradycardia and decreased respiratory
v v v v v v v v v v v
effort
v
What are the seven patterns of pathway injuries related to motor vehicle accidents? -
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
ANSUp and over, down and under, lateral, rotational, rear, roll over, and ejection.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the signs and symptoms of decompensated shock? - ANSDecreased level of
v v v v v v v v v v v v
consciousness, hypertension, narrow pulse pressure, tachycardia with weak pulses,
v v v v v v v v v
tachypnea, skin that is cool clammy and cyanotic, base access outside the normal
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
range, and serum lactate levels greater than two to 4MMOL/L.
v v v v v v v v v v
What are the signs and symptoms of irreversible shock? - ANSObtunded stuporous or
v v v v v v v v v v v v
comatose state, marked hypertension and heart failure, bradycardia with possible
v v v v v v v v v v
dysrhythmias, decreased and shallow respiratory rate, pale cool and clammy skin,
v v v v v v v v v v v
kidney liver and other organ failure, severe acidosis, elevated lactic acid levels,
v v v v v v v v v v v v
worsening base access on ABGs, coagulopathies with petechiae purpura or bleeding.
v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the signs of compensated shock? - ANSAnxiety, confusion, restlessness,
v v v v v v v v v v
increased respiratory rate, narrowing pulse pressure were diastolic increases yet
v v v v v v v v v v
systolic remains unchanged, tachycardia with bounding pulses, and decreased urinary
v v v v v v v v v v
output
v
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma? - ANSDecreased LOC, nausea
v v v v v v v v v v v
vomiting headache and ipsilateral pupillary changes
v v v v v v
What are the three factors that contribute to the damage caused by penetrating
v v v v v v v v v v v v
trauma's? - ANSThe point of impact, the velocity and speed of impact, and the proximity
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
to the object.
v v v
What are the three processes that transfer oxygen from the air to the lungs and blood
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
stream - ANSVentilation: the active mechanical movement of air into and out of the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
lungs; diffusion: the passive movement of gases from an area of higher concentration to
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
an area of lower concentration; and perfusion: the movement of blood to and from the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
lungs as a delivery medium of oxygen to the entire body.
v v v v v v v v v v v
What are the three stages of shock - ANSCompensated, decompensated or
v v v v v v v v v v
progressive, and irreversible.
v v v
, TNCC 8TH EDITION EXAM 10 LATEST VERSIONS (VERSION A & B) 2024-2025
COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+VERIFIED
What are the treatment goals for a TBI? - ANSO2 saturation > or equal to 95%, systolic
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
blood pressure > or equal to 100 MMHG, ICP < 15 MMHG, CPP > or equal to 60
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
MMHG, normal glycemia, hemoglobin > or equal to 7 g/DL, sodium 135-145, osmotic
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
diuretics, anti-emetics, sedatives, anticonvulsants, head of bed at 30°, and neck at
v v v v v v v v v v v v
midline
v
What causes quarternary effects of blast traumas? - ANSAll explosion related injuries,
v v v v v v v v v v v
illnesses, or diseases not due to the first three mechanisms. Injuries include external
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
and internal burns, crush injuries, closed and open brain injuries, asthmatic or breathing
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
problems from dust smoke or toxic fumes, angina, or hyper glycemia and
v v v v v v v v v v v v
hypertension.
v
What causes quinary effects of blasts traumas? - ANSThose associated with exposure
v v v v v v v v v v v
to hazardous materials from radioactive, biologic, or chemical components of a blast.
v v v v v v v v v v v v
Injuries include a variety of health effects depending on agent.
v v v v v v v v v v
What causes the primary effects of blast traumas? - ANSThe direct blast effects. Types
v v v v v v v v v v v v v
of injuries include last long, tympanic membrane rupture and middle ear damage,
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abdominal hemorrhage and perforation, global rupture, mild Trumatic brain injury.
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What causes the secondary effects of blast traumas? - ANSProjectiles propelled by the
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explosion. Injuries include penetrating or blunt injuries or I penetration.
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What causes the tertiary effects of blast traumas? - ANSResults from individuals being
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thrown by the blast wind. Injuries include hole or partial body translocation from being
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thrown against a hard service: blunt or penetrating trauma's, fractures, traumatic
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amputations.
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What is a trademark symptom of an epidural hematoma - ANSLoss of consciousness
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then awake and alert then loss of consciousness
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What is bending? - ANSLoading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the
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side the person is bending toward intention to the opposite side
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What is combined loading? - ANSAny combination of tension compression torsion
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bending and/or shear.
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What is compression? - ANSCrushing by squeezing together
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What is Cullen's sign and its significance? - ANSCullens sign is periumbilical bruising
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and is indicative of intraperitoneal bleeding
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What is shearing? - ANSDamage by tearing or bending by exerting faucet different parts
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in opposite directions at the same time.
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What is tension? - ANSstretching force by pulling at opposite ends
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