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WEEK 4 IHUMAN CASE STUDY FOR A 72-
YEAR- OLD MALE PRESENTING WITH
DYSPNEA (OUTPATIENT CLINIC WITH LAB &
IMAGING CAPABILITIES) (2026 UPDATE)
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Reason for encounter:
Shortness of breath worsening over several days.
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Patient demographics:
• Age: 72 years
• Sex: Male
• Height: 175 cm (5'9")
• Weight: 88 kg (194 lb)
• BMI: 28.8 kg/m²
Case mode: Learning mode
Case location: Outpatient primary care clinic with ECG, portable chest X-ray,
pulse oximetry, basic labs (CBC, BMP), BNP, and ability to arrange urgent
transfer to ED.
Attempts allowed: Unlimited
(Note: dyspnea in older adults is frequently multifactorial; approach requires
parallel evaluation for cardiac, pulmonary, metabolic, and other causes). (PMC)
2. Chief Complaint (CC)
“I’ve had trouble breathing for a few days — now I get short of breath even at rest
and I can’t lie flat.”
• Onset: 4 days ago
• Course: Gradually worse — now orthopnea (needs 2 pillows) and awakens
at night short of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
• Severity: Moderate–severe at rest; limits basic activities
WEEK 4 IHUMAN CASE STUDY FOR A 72-
YEAR- OLD MALE PRESENTING WITH
DYSPNEA (OUTPATIENT CLINIC WITH LAB &
IMAGING CAPABILITIES) (2026 UPDATE)
, Page 2 of 24
Reason for encounter:
Shortness of breath worsening over several days.
, Page 3 of 24
Patient demographics:
• Age: 72 years
• Sex: Male
• Height: 175 cm (5'9")
• Weight: 88 kg (194 lb)
• BMI: 28.8 kg/m²
Case mode: Learning mode
Case location: Outpatient primary care clinic with ECG, portable chest X-ray,
pulse oximetry, basic labs (CBC, BMP), BNP, and ability to arrange urgent
transfer to ED.
Attempts allowed: Unlimited
(Note: dyspnea in older adults is frequently multifactorial; approach requires
parallel evaluation for cardiac, pulmonary, metabolic, and other causes). (PMC)
2. Chief Complaint (CC)
“I’ve had trouble breathing for a few days — now I get short of breath even at rest
and I can’t lie flat.”
• Onset: 4 days ago
• Course: Gradually worse — now orthopnea (needs 2 pillows) and awakens
at night short of breath (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)
• Severity: Moderate–severe at rest; limits basic activities
