NR 509 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
2026 UPDATE GRADED A+
A 44-year-old female mathematician presents to clinic with a complaint
of a mass in the right breast. Her partner noticed this mass 2 days ago,
and the patient feels guilty because she has only had one mammogram
and does not engage in breast self-examination (BSE) on any regular
basis. She has no family history of breast cancer, and her prior
mammogram was ordered as a routine screening test at age 43 years
after a brief discussion with her primary care provider. After a thorough
investigation reveals a benign cyst, what advice should be given to this
patient about screening for breast cancer in her age group?
a. BSE is well evidenced, and all recommending agencies agree that it
should be taught and reinforced.
b. Clinical breast examination (CBE) is superior to BSE and should be a
routine part of annual examinations starting at age 30 years.
c. This patient was in compliance with the U.S. Preventive Services
Task F - ANSWER- c. This patient was in compliance with the U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
recommendations for her age group and risk factors prior to her
current complaint.
,A 42-year-old female website developer presents for an annual
preventive examination with questions about breast cancer screening.
She is concerned about the radiation exposure associated with
mammography and is interested in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
as a possible alternative for routine screening. She is otherwise healthy
with no family history of breast, ovarian, or colon cancer. Which of the
following is true about MRI as a screening modality for breast cancer in
the general population?
a. Breast cancer screening by MRI has been well studied in the general
population.
b. Sensitivity of screening for breast cancer increases with breast MRI at
the expense of specificity.
c. This patient is an ideal candidate for screening via breast MRI based
on current evidence
d. Women at low lifetime risk of breast cancer (<20%) are
recommended to undergo screening MRI.
e. Known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is insufficient cr - ANSWER- b.
Sensitivity of screening for breast cancer increases with breast MRI
at the expense of specificity.
A 35-year-old G0P0 woman presents to clinic with a complaint of
bilateral nipple discharge. This discharge started several weeks ago and
has occurred at irregular intervals since that time. She does not complain
of local tenderness, redness, fever, or any other systemic symptoms
aside from slightly irregular periods over the last few months. On
examination, she is able to express a small amount of discharge, which
is sent to the laboratory and found to be consistent with breast milk but
,without any signs of blood or pus. Screening laboratories are also sent,
which reveal a normal blood count, metabolic panel, thyroid-stimulating
hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level. Further
laboratories are still pending. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
a. Mastitis
b. Ductal carcinoma in situ
c. Paget disease of the breast
d. Occult pregnancy
e. Prolactinoma - ANSWER- e. Prolactinoma
A 22-year-old G0P0 undergraduate student presents to clinic after
finding a breast mass on breast self-examination (BSE) at home. The
mass is nontender without skin changes, erythema, or overlying
swelling. She has heard that most breast cancers are found by patients
themselves, and she is very concerned that she may have breast cancer.
Which of the following is true about BSE and self-detection of breast
cancer?
a. Most masses that women find at home and bring to a provider's
attention turn out to be malignant.
b. This patient is more likely to find a fibroadenoma than a cancer on
self-examination.
c. The most likely breast mass this patient is likely to find in herself is an
abscess complicating underlying mastitis.
, d. Because of this patient's age, breast masses should not be pursued
with imaging and diagnosis because the risk of cancer is so low.
e. BSE is universally recommended because of very high sensitivity -
ANSWER- b. This patient is more likely to find a fibroadenoma
than a cancer on self-examination.
A 48-year-old female psychologist presents to clinic with concerns about
her breast cancer risk after an age-matched cousin was recently
diagnosed with this disease. This cousin is the third family member on
her father's side in as many years to be diagnosed with breast cancer,
including the patient's own father, who had surgery and subsequent
treatment 3 years ago for breast cancer. The patient has little other
knowledge of her family history, only that her grandparents
independently arrived from Eastern Europe near the end of World War II
and were among very few members of their family that survived the war.
The patient has read about testing for the breast cancer genes (BRCA1
and BRCA2) and desires further information about whether this would
be appropriate for her. Which of the following is true about this patient's
indications for BRCA testing?
a. Her familial lineage is irrelevant to her risk of BRCA genes and -
ANSWER- d. This patient carries several risk factors that together
justify BRCA testing.
A 68-year-old former paleontologist presents to clinic with concerns
about her breast cancer risk. Her mother developed the disease in her 50s
and died from it in her 60s. A younger cousin developed the disease a
few years ago before the age of 50 years, but this individual was not
tested for the BRCA1 and
AND VERIFIED ANSWERS LATEST
2026 UPDATE GRADED A+
A 44-year-old female mathematician presents to clinic with a complaint
of a mass in the right breast. Her partner noticed this mass 2 days ago,
and the patient feels guilty because she has only had one mammogram
and does not engage in breast self-examination (BSE) on any regular
basis. She has no family history of breast cancer, and her prior
mammogram was ordered as a routine screening test at age 43 years
after a brief discussion with her primary care provider. After a thorough
investigation reveals a benign cyst, what advice should be given to this
patient about screening for breast cancer in her age group?
a. BSE is well evidenced, and all recommending agencies agree that it
should be taught and reinforced.
b. Clinical breast examination (CBE) is superior to BSE and should be a
routine part of annual examinations starting at age 30 years.
c. This patient was in compliance with the U.S. Preventive Services
Task F - ANSWER- c. This patient was in compliance with the U.S.
Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF)
recommendations for her age group and risk factors prior to her
current complaint.
,A 42-year-old female website developer presents for an annual
preventive examination with questions about breast cancer screening.
She is concerned about the radiation exposure associated with
mammography and is interested in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
as a possible alternative for routine screening. She is otherwise healthy
with no family history of breast, ovarian, or colon cancer. Which of the
following is true about MRI as a screening modality for breast cancer in
the general population?
a. Breast cancer screening by MRI has been well studied in the general
population.
b. Sensitivity of screening for breast cancer increases with breast MRI at
the expense of specificity.
c. This patient is an ideal candidate for screening via breast MRI based
on current evidence
d. Women at low lifetime risk of breast cancer (<20%) are
recommended to undergo screening MRI.
e. Known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is insufficient cr - ANSWER- b.
Sensitivity of screening for breast cancer increases with breast MRI
at the expense of specificity.
A 35-year-old G0P0 woman presents to clinic with a complaint of
bilateral nipple discharge. This discharge started several weeks ago and
has occurred at irregular intervals since that time. She does not complain
of local tenderness, redness, fever, or any other systemic symptoms
aside from slightly irregular periods over the last few months. On
examination, she is able to express a small amount of discharge, which
is sent to the laboratory and found to be consistent with breast milk but
,without any signs of blood or pus. Screening laboratories are also sent,
which reveal a normal blood count, metabolic panel, thyroid-stimulating
hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level. Further
laboratories are still pending. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?
a. Mastitis
b. Ductal carcinoma in situ
c. Paget disease of the breast
d. Occult pregnancy
e. Prolactinoma - ANSWER- e. Prolactinoma
A 22-year-old G0P0 undergraduate student presents to clinic after
finding a breast mass on breast self-examination (BSE) at home. The
mass is nontender without skin changes, erythema, or overlying
swelling. She has heard that most breast cancers are found by patients
themselves, and she is very concerned that she may have breast cancer.
Which of the following is true about BSE and self-detection of breast
cancer?
a. Most masses that women find at home and bring to a provider's
attention turn out to be malignant.
b. This patient is more likely to find a fibroadenoma than a cancer on
self-examination.
c. The most likely breast mass this patient is likely to find in herself is an
abscess complicating underlying mastitis.
, d. Because of this patient's age, breast masses should not be pursued
with imaging and diagnosis because the risk of cancer is so low.
e. BSE is universally recommended because of very high sensitivity -
ANSWER- b. This patient is more likely to find a fibroadenoma
than a cancer on self-examination.
A 48-year-old female psychologist presents to clinic with concerns about
her breast cancer risk after an age-matched cousin was recently
diagnosed with this disease. This cousin is the third family member on
her father's side in as many years to be diagnosed with breast cancer,
including the patient's own father, who had surgery and subsequent
treatment 3 years ago for breast cancer. The patient has little other
knowledge of her family history, only that her grandparents
independently arrived from Eastern Europe near the end of World War II
and were among very few members of their family that survived the war.
The patient has read about testing for the breast cancer genes (BRCA1
and BRCA2) and desires further information about whether this would
be appropriate for her. Which of the following is true about this patient's
indications for BRCA testing?
a. Her familial lineage is irrelevant to her risk of BRCA genes and -
ANSWER- d. This patient carries several risk factors that together
justify BRCA testing.
A 68-year-old former paleontologist presents to clinic with concerns
about her breast cancer risk. Her mother developed the disease in her 50s
and died from it in her 60s. A younger cousin developed the disease a
few years ago before the age of 50 years, but this individual was not
tested for the BRCA1 and
