The second trimester (middle
pregnancy): 13-28 week 13-27 week
Main Topic 1 The first trimester (early pregnancy): 1-12 week
The third trimester (late pregnancy):
29-40 week 28-40 week
A-Cessation of menstruation
A bdominal enlargement and fetal movement
B-Nausia and vomiting
History and symptoms C-Urinary symptoms
generally occurs after the18th to 20th week of
gestation.
D-Mastodynia
Breast changes
Breast enlargement and vascular engorgement.
Nipple and areola become blacker.
Enlargement of the accumulated sebaceous glands of the
areolas (Montgomery’s tubercles) may be noted
Vagina:
• The vaginal wall become discoloration as the pelvic blood
vessel becomes congested {Chadwick’s sign}.
• Osiander’s signs:{increased the pulsation and felt through the
lateral fornices of vagina at 8th week
Cervix:
{Chadwick’s sign}. Bluish or purplish discoloration of the cervix
-The uterus continues to enlarge Fetal
due to congestion movement (quickening) can usually be seen or
{Goodell’s sign}:S oftening of the cervix heard after 18th week of gestation
-Fetal heart sound can be heard at rate varies
from 120 to 160 beats per minute.
Uterus: -The fetal body can usually be palpated by the
Signs 1-enlargement and softening. 18th to20th week of gestation unless the
2-The isthmus of the uterus is also soft and can be compressed patient is too fat, the abdomen is tender or
there is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid.
between the fingers palpating vagina and abdomen {Hegar’s
sign}.This occur by 6-8 weeks External Ballottement {20th week}.
3-{Mc Donald’s sign}: the uterus become flexible at the Internal Ballottement { 16 -28th week}
uterocervical junction at 7-8 weeks
{Von Fernwald’s sign}:
Diagnosis of An irregular softening of the fundus develop over the site of
implantation at 4-5 week.If this occurs in the cornual area
pregnancy {Piskacek’s sign}
By 10 weeks, the uterus become symmetrical and doubles its
nonpregnant state
Palmer's sign: uterine contractions felt duringbimanual
🔸
examination at 4-8 weeks
A fter the 12th week, the fundus of the uterusis usually
palpable above the symphysis pubis
Pregnancy test
The laboratory test for pregnancy are based on the
identification of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG ), which Basal body temperature (BBT)
can be detected as early as 7-9 days after fertilization by high A persistent elevation of B B T for longer than
sensitive techniq ue. The samples may be blood or urine. 18 days may be presumptive evidence of
pregnancy
Biological test ;
1-Immunological test
2-Radio immunoassay
Progesterone test
Progesterone is given to a women with amenorrhea. If she is Cervical mucus
pregnant, no bleeding will follow, otherwise, bleeding should The cervical mucus smear of pregnant women
Pregnancy test occur within 7-10 days of progesterone administration. This is shows a progestational effect— that is ellipsoid
instead of fern cry
reliable in the nonpregnant patient only if there is adeq uate
estrogen stimulation of the endometrium.
Ultrasonography
There are trans-vaginal and abdominal Ultrasonagraphys. Other Examinations
A gestational sac can usually be identified at 5-6 weeks after •Ultrasonography.
•X-ray. It is rarely used recently because the
the beginning of the last period harmfulness to the fetus.
Fetal heart beating can be detected by about 7thweek and the •Fetal electrocardiogram: A fetal
fetus itself can be seen by aboutthe 8th week. electrocardiogram can first be recorded at
about the 12th week of pregnancy
Doppler is also an ultrasound technique, which diagnoses the
pregnancy by revealing the heart beating
by fatema okoff
pregnancy): 13-28 week 13-27 week
Main Topic 1 The first trimester (early pregnancy): 1-12 week
The third trimester (late pregnancy):
29-40 week 28-40 week
A-Cessation of menstruation
A bdominal enlargement and fetal movement
B-Nausia and vomiting
History and symptoms C-Urinary symptoms
generally occurs after the18th to 20th week of
gestation.
D-Mastodynia
Breast changes
Breast enlargement and vascular engorgement.
Nipple and areola become blacker.
Enlargement of the accumulated sebaceous glands of the
areolas (Montgomery’s tubercles) may be noted
Vagina:
• The vaginal wall become discoloration as the pelvic blood
vessel becomes congested {Chadwick’s sign}.
• Osiander’s signs:{increased the pulsation and felt through the
lateral fornices of vagina at 8th week
Cervix:
{Chadwick’s sign}. Bluish or purplish discoloration of the cervix
-The uterus continues to enlarge Fetal
due to congestion movement (quickening) can usually be seen or
{Goodell’s sign}:S oftening of the cervix heard after 18th week of gestation
-Fetal heart sound can be heard at rate varies
from 120 to 160 beats per minute.
Uterus: -The fetal body can usually be palpated by the
Signs 1-enlargement and softening. 18th to20th week of gestation unless the
2-The isthmus of the uterus is also soft and can be compressed patient is too fat, the abdomen is tender or
there is an excessive amount of amniotic fluid.
between the fingers palpating vagina and abdomen {Hegar’s
sign}.This occur by 6-8 weeks External Ballottement {20th week}.
3-{Mc Donald’s sign}: the uterus become flexible at the Internal Ballottement { 16 -28th week}
uterocervical junction at 7-8 weeks
{Von Fernwald’s sign}:
Diagnosis of An irregular softening of the fundus develop over the site of
implantation at 4-5 week.If this occurs in the cornual area
pregnancy {Piskacek’s sign}
By 10 weeks, the uterus become symmetrical and doubles its
nonpregnant state
Palmer's sign: uterine contractions felt duringbimanual
🔸
examination at 4-8 weeks
A fter the 12th week, the fundus of the uterusis usually
palpable above the symphysis pubis
Pregnancy test
The laboratory test for pregnancy are based on the
identification of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG ), which Basal body temperature (BBT)
can be detected as early as 7-9 days after fertilization by high A persistent elevation of B B T for longer than
sensitive techniq ue. The samples may be blood or urine. 18 days may be presumptive evidence of
pregnancy
Biological test ;
1-Immunological test
2-Radio immunoassay
Progesterone test
Progesterone is given to a women with amenorrhea. If she is Cervical mucus
pregnant, no bleeding will follow, otherwise, bleeding should The cervical mucus smear of pregnant women
Pregnancy test occur within 7-10 days of progesterone administration. This is shows a progestational effect— that is ellipsoid
instead of fern cry
reliable in the nonpregnant patient only if there is adeq uate
estrogen stimulation of the endometrium.
Ultrasonography
There are trans-vaginal and abdominal Ultrasonagraphys. Other Examinations
A gestational sac can usually be identified at 5-6 weeks after •Ultrasonography.
•X-ray. It is rarely used recently because the
the beginning of the last period harmfulness to the fetus.
Fetal heart beating can be detected by about 7thweek and the •Fetal electrocardiogram: A fetal
fetus itself can be seen by aboutthe 8th week. electrocardiogram can first be recorded at
about the 12th week of pregnancy
Doppler is also an ultrasound technique, which diagnoses the
pregnancy by revealing the heart beating
by fatema okoff
