CNA Chapter 3 & 4 Questions and Answers

CNA Chapter 3 & 4 Questions and Answers Ethics the knowledge of right and wrong Laws rules set by government to help people live peacefully together and to ensure order and safety Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) a law passed by the federal government that includes minimum standards for nursing assistant training, staffing requirements, resident assessment instructions, and information on rights for residents Minimum Data Set (MDS) a detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long-term care facilities Residents' Rights numerous rights identified in the OBRA law that relate to how residents must be treated while living in a facility; they provide an ethical code of conduct for healthcare workers Informed Consent the process in which a person, with the help of a doctor, makes informed decisions about his or her health care Neglect the failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental or emotional harm to a person Active Neglect the purposeful failure to provide needed care, resulting in harm to a person Passive Neglect the unintentional failure to provide needed care, resulting in physical, mental, or emotional harm to a person Negligence actions, or the failure to act or provide the proper care, that result in unintended injury to a person Malpractice injury to a person due to professional misconduct through negligence, carelessness, or lack of skill Abuse purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, or emotional pain or injury to somones Physical Abuse any treatment, intentional or not, that causes harm to a person's body Physical Abus any treatment, intentional or not, that causes harm to a person's body Psychological Abuse emotional harm caused by threatening scaring, humiliating, intimidating, isolating, or insulting a person, or by treating him or her as a child Verbal Abuse the use of spoken or written word, pictures, or gestures that threaten, embarrass, or insult a person Assult a threat to harm a person, resulting in the person feeling fearful that he or she will be harmed Battery the intentional touching of a person without his or her consent Sexual Abuse the forcing of a person to perform or participate in sexual acts against his or her will; includes unwanted touching, exposing oneself, and sharing pornographic material Financial Abuse the improper or illegal use of a person's money, possessions, property, or other assets Domestic Violence physical, sexual, or emotional abuse by spouses, intimate partners, or family members Workplace Violence verbal, physical, or sexual abuse of staff by other staff members, residents or visitors False Imprisonment the unlawful restraint of someone that affects the person;s freedom of movement; includes both the threat of being physically restrained and actually being physically restrained Involuntary Seclusion the separation of a person from others against the person's will Sexual Harassment any unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment Substance Abuse the repeated use of legal or illegal substances in a way that is harmful to oneself or others Mandated Reporters people who are legally required to report suspected or observed abuse or neglect because they have regular contact with vulnerable populations, such as the elderly in care facilities Ombudsman a legal advocate for residents in long-term care facilities who helps resole disputes and settle conflicts Confidentiality the legal and ethical principle of keeping information private Protected Health Information (PHI) a person's private health information, which includes name, address, telephone number, social security number, email address, and medical record number Advance Directives legal documents that allow people to decide what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves Living Will a document that outlines the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case he becomes unable to make those decisions Durable Power Of Attorney for Health Care a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so Do-Not-Resuscitate (DNR) a medical order that instructs medical professionals not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of a cardiac or respiratory arrest Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) a medical order that specifies the treatments a person wishes to receive, not what he wishes to avoid, when he is very ill; decisions are based on conversations between the patient and his healthcare providers Communication the process of exchanging information with others by sending and receiving messages Verbal Communication communication involving the use of spoken or written words or sounds Nonverbal Communication communication without using words Cultural Diversity the different groups of people with varied backgrounds and experiences who live together in the world Bias prejudice Culture a system of learned beliefs and behaviors that is practiced by a group of people and is often passed on from one generation to the next Cliches phrases that are used over and over again and do not really mean anything Objectives information information based on what a person sees, hears, touches, or smells; also called signs Subjective Information information that a person cannot or did not observe, but is based on something reported to the person that may or may not be true; also called symptoms Incontience the inability to control the bladder or bowels Cyanotic skin that is blue or gray Incident an accident, problem, or unexpected event during the course of care that is not part of the normal routine in a healthcare facility Sentinel Event an unexpected occurrence that results in grave physical or psychological injury or death Impairment a loss of function or ability Farsightedness the ability to see objects in the distance better than objects nearby; also called hyperopia Nearsightedness the ability to see things near but not far; also called myopia Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) a condition that occurs when blood supply to a part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks or ruptures within the brain; also called stroke Hemiplegia paralysis on one side of the body Hemiparesis weakness on one side of the body Expressive Aphasia difficulty communicating thoughts through speech or writing Receptive Aphasia difficulty understanding spoken or written words Emotional Lability inappropriate or unprovoked emotional responses, including laughing, crying, and anger Dysphaigia difficulty swallowing