Carbonyl Compounds: Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic Acids | Complete Mechanisms & Named Reactions

Dominate the most difficult chapter in Organic Chemistry. Carbonyl chemistry is the heart of the 12th-grade syllabus, and these notes are designed to help you master it without the headache. ​I’ve broken down the complex pathways into logical, easy-to-follow steps. If you struggle with remembering which reagent goes with which reaction, this is the guide for you. ​ Key Highlights: The Big 3 Preparations: Step-by-step for Rosenmund Reduction, Stephen’s Reaction, and the Gattermann-Koch synthesis. Nucleophilic Addition: Clear mechanisms for HCN addition, NaHSO3, and Grignard attacks. Condensation Reactions: Full electron-flow for Aldol Condensation and Cross-Aldol (the high-weightage exam questions). Distinction Tests: Never confuse Tollen’s Test and Fehling’s Test again. I've included the specific observations and chemical equations for both.