Arthritis Overview, Musculoskeletal
Medications Overview, Bone Diseases and
Arthritis Overview, Spinal Stenosis,
Intervertebral Disc Disease, and Metabolic
Bone Disease, Musculoskeletal Unit Review
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Rationales Latest Updated 2026
Closed Fracture
Fracture without breaking the skin surface
Open Fracture
Fracture breaking the skin surface, increasing infection risk
Transverse Fracture
Fracture perpendicular to the bone's long axis
Impacted Fracture
Fracture from bones crushed together by force
Comminuted Fracture
Fracture resulting in two or more pieces
Oblique Fracture
Fracture occurring at an angle
Spiral Fracture
Fracture from a twisting motion, sign of possible abuse
Greenstick Fracture
,Partial fracture common in children, bone bends but doesn't break fully
Osteoporosis
Risk factor for fractures due to bone density loss
Paget's Disease
Condition increasing fracture risk due to bone deformities
Closed Reduction
Bones realigned without cutting the skin
External Fixation
Fixation with screws and pins attached to an external frame
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
Surgical correction of fracture internally with screws, rods
Neurovascular Check
Assessment of pain, sensation, skin color, pulses, and movement
Fat Embolism
Fat globule from bone marrow causing lung issues
Compartment Syndrome
Increased pressure in muscle compartment affecting circulation
Fasciotomy
Incision to relieve pressure in compartment syndrome
Amputation
Surgical removal of a body part, may be needed in severe cases
Osteomyelitis
Bone infection, a complication of fractures
Venous Thromboembolism
Blood clot complication of fractures
Muscle Relaxants
, Medication to relieve muscle spasms
Capillary Refill
Assessment of blood return to capillaries
Chemosis
Swelling of the conjunctiva in the eye
Immobilization
Restricting movement to aid healing, e.g., with cast or splint
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Autoimmune disorder where the body attacks joints causing inflammation and deformity
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease not systemic like RA
Synovial Fluid Aspiration
Procedure to test joint fluid for RA diagnosis
Arthroscopy
Direct visualization of joint cavity for RA diagnosis
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
Blood antibody indicating RA
ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate)
Blood test measuring general inflammation
CRP (C-reactive Protein)
Blood test indicating inflammatory processes
Swan's Neck Deformity
Finger joint contracture in RA
Boutonniere Deformity
Finger joint deformity in RA
NSAIDs