GCU Bio202 Final Exam (2026)
Questions With Correct Verified And
Well Analyzed Answers Graded A+
3 ways filtration happens at renal corpuscle
1. fenestrated endothelium (picky)
2. lamina densa (pickier)
3. filtration slits (pickiest)
what is Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of
the kidneys
low osmolarity
little solute lots of water
high osmolarity
lots of solute little bit of water
hydrostatic pressure push or pull?
to push
colloid osmotic pressure push or pull?
pull
what is the GFR
glomerular filtration rate; the amount of filtrate the kidneys produce
each minute
what are the 3 levels of GFR control?
, 1. auto regulation (local level)
2. autonomic regulation (sympathetic ANS)
3. hormonal regulation (kidneys)
what can reduced blood flow trigger?
1. dilation of afferent arteriole
2. dilation of glomerular capillaries
3. constriction of efferent arterioles
what if there is a rise in renal blood pressure?
1. stretches walls of afferent arterioles
2. causes juxtaglomerular cells to contract
3. constricts afferent arterioles
4. decreases glomerular blood flow
hormonal regulation of GFR
RAAS and ANP/BNP
do protons raise or lower pH?
lower, make it more acidic
does bicarbonate raise or lower the pH?
raise, make it more basic
in the descending limb fluid flows toward?
renal pelvis
in the ascending limb fluid flows toward?
renal cortex
what is the countercurrent multiplier?
Loop of Henle
4 processes of the DCT
1. acid/base balance
2. selective reabsorption of Na and Ca
3. maintenance of GFR
4. selective reabsorption of water (ADH)
Questions With Correct Verified And
Well Analyzed Answers Graded A+
3 ways filtration happens at renal corpuscle
1. fenestrated endothelium (picky)
2. lamina densa (pickier)
3. filtration slits (pickiest)
what is Glomerulonephritis
inflammation of the glomeruli that affects the filtration mechanism of
the kidneys
low osmolarity
little solute lots of water
high osmolarity
lots of solute little bit of water
hydrostatic pressure push or pull?
to push
colloid osmotic pressure push or pull?
pull
what is the GFR
glomerular filtration rate; the amount of filtrate the kidneys produce
each minute
what are the 3 levels of GFR control?
, 1. auto regulation (local level)
2. autonomic regulation (sympathetic ANS)
3. hormonal regulation (kidneys)
what can reduced blood flow trigger?
1. dilation of afferent arteriole
2. dilation of glomerular capillaries
3. constriction of efferent arterioles
what if there is a rise in renal blood pressure?
1. stretches walls of afferent arterioles
2. causes juxtaglomerular cells to contract
3. constricts afferent arterioles
4. decreases glomerular blood flow
hormonal regulation of GFR
RAAS and ANP/BNP
do protons raise or lower pH?
lower, make it more acidic
does bicarbonate raise or lower the pH?
raise, make it more basic
in the descending limb fluid flows toward?
renal pelvis
in the ascending limb fluid flows toward?
renal cortex
what is the countercurrent multiplier?
Loop of Henle
4 processes of the DCT
1. acid/base balance
2. selective reabsorption of Na and Ca
3. maintenance of GFR
4. selective reabsorption of water (ADH)
