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COMSAE 111 Exam ||Verified Exam!!|| Most Recent
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a male neonate is born at 35 weeks gestation via vaginal
delivery. Examination reveals cyanosis of the toes but not
the hands. A continuous murmur is noted at the left upper
sternal border. The most likely cause of this condition is.
a. coarctation of aorta with patent ductus arteriosus
b. coronary arteriovenous fistula
c. pulmonary stenosis with ventricular septal defect
d. tetralogy of fallot
e. transposition of great arteries - Answer-The most likely
cause of the condition described in the male neonate is
option C: pulmonary stenosis with ventricular septal
defect.
The cyanosis of the toes but not the hands suggests a
condition known as differential cyanosis. In this condition,
blood from the right side of the heart, which is poorly
oxygenated, bypasses the lungs and enters the systemic
circulation. This results in cyanosis in the areas supplied
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by the systemic circulation (lower extremities) while
sparing the upper extremities.
The presence of a continuous murmur at the left upper
sternal border is indicative of a shunt between the
systemic and pulmonary circulation. This finding, along
with the cyanosis and differential cyanosis, suggests a
congenital heart defect.
Among the options provided, pulmonary stenosis with
ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most likely cause. In
this condition, there is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve,
leading to reduced blood flow to the lungs. The VSD
allows for the shunting of blood from the left side of the
heart to the right side, resulting in the observed continuous
murmur and the shunting of deoxygenated blood to the
systemic circulation.
The other options listed are less likely based on the
described findings:
Coarctation of the aorta with a patent ductus arteriosus
(option A) typically presents with lower extremity cyanosis
but may also involve the upper extremities. Additionally,
there is usually no continuous murmur associated with this
condition.
Coronary arteriovenous fistula (option B) is an abnormal
connection between the coronary artery and a cardiac
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chamber or a great vessel. It does not typically present
with cyanosis or differential cyanosis.
Tetralogy of Fallot (option D) is characterized by four
specific defects: pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding
aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Cya
A 3 year old female is brought to the office for evaluation
of difficulty walking. Examination reveals proximal lower
limb muscle weakness. The most likely pathology
mechanism for this patient's muscle weakness is bilateral
destruction of the a. anterior horn cells
b. bilateral precentral gyrus
c. corticospinal tract
d. dorsal root ganglion
e. posterior limb of the internal capsule - Answer-voluntary
movement of contralateral limbs
The presentation of proximal lower limb muscle weakness
suggests involvement of the upper motor neurons
responsible for motor control. The corticospinal tract is the
major pathway that carries motor signals from the motor
cortex to the spinal cord, controlling voluntary movements
of the limbs.
COMSAE 111 Exam ||Verified Exam!!|| Most Recent
Exam Actual Complete Real Exam Questions And
Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already Graded
A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam!!!
a male neonate is born at 35 weeks gestation via vaginal
delivery. Examination reveals cyanosis of the toes but not
the hands. A continuous murmur is noted at the left upper
sternal border. The most likely cause of this condition is.
a. coarctation of aorta with patent ductus arteriosus
b. coronary arteriovenous fistula
c. pulmonary stenosis with ventricular septal defect
d. tetralogy of fallot
e. transposition of great arteries - Answer-The most likely
cause of the condition described in the male neonate is
option C: pulmonary stenosis with ventricular septal
defect.
The cyanosis of the toes but not the hands suggests a
condition known as differential cyanosis. In this condition,
blood from the right side of the heart, which is poorly
oxygenated, bypasses the lungs and enters the systemic
circulation. This results in cyanosis in the areas supplied
,2|Page
by the systemic circulation (lower extremities) while
sparing the upper extremities.
The presence of a continuous murmur at the left upper
sternal border is indicative of a shunt between the
systemic and pulmonary circulation. This finding, along
with the cyanosis and differential cyanosis, suggests a
congenital heart defect.
Among the options provided, pulmonary stenosis with
ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most likely cause. In
this condition, there is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve,
leading to reduced blood flow to the lungs. The VSD
allows for the shunting of blood from the left side of the
heart to the right side, resulting in the observed continuous
murmur and the shunting of deoxygenated blood to the
systemic circulation.
The other options listed are less likely based on the
described findings:
Coarctation of the aorta with a patent ductus arteriosus
(option A) typically presents with lower extremity cyanosis
but may also involve the upper extremities. Additionally,
there is usually no continuous murmur associated with this
condition.
Coronary arteriovenous fistula (option B) is an abnormal
connection between the coronary artery and a cardiac
, 3|Page
chamber or a great vessel. It does not typically present
with cyanosis or differential cyanosis.
Tetralogy of Fallot (option D) is characterized by four
specific defects: pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding
aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Cya
A 3 year old female is brought to the office for evaluation
of difficulty walking. Examination reveals proximal lower
limb muscle weakness. The most likely pathology
mechanism for this patient's muscle weakness is bilateral
destruction of the a. anterior horn cells
b. bilateral precentral gyrus
c. corticospinal tract
d. dorsal root ganglion
e. posterior limb of the internal capsule - Answer-voluntary
movement of contralateral limbs
The presentation of proximal lower limb muscle weakness
suggests involvement of the upper motor neurons
responsible for motor control. The corticospinal tract is the
major pathway that carries motor signals from the motor
cortex to the spinal cord, controlling voluntary movements
of the limbs.
