PHGY 170 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Prokaryote |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--No |nucleus/membrane
-Unicellular
-Asexual
Eukaryote |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Nucleus/Membrane
-multicellular |(mostly)
-sexual |or |asexual
Epithelial |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Form |protective |barriers |in |tissue
-may |be |specialized |to |absorb/secrete |specific |compounds
Muscle |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Responsible |for |movement |of |the |skeleton, |heart |and |
internal |organs
Nerve |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Conduct |electrical |signals |throughout |the |body, |controls |
contraction |of |muscles |and |responsible |for |the |5 |sense
Connective |Tissue |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Create |extracellular |material |that |holds |cells |
together
Bone |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Tough |cells |that |form |the |skeletal |system
,Secretory |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Form |glands
Adipose |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fat |cells
Red |Blood |Cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Formed |primarily |in |the |bone |marrow |and |released |
into |circulation |(limited |lifespans, |must |continuously |be |replaced)
Hydrophilic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Water |is |attracted |to |water
Hydrophobic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Does |not |dissolve |well |in |water |
-Ex. |Carbon
5 |unique |Properties |of |water |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Liquid |at |room |temperature
2. |Polar
3. |More |dense |as |a |liquid |than |a |solid
4. |High |specific |heat |capacity
5. |High |heat |of |vaporization
Thermoregulation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Water |acts |as |a |heat |sink |for |many |chemical |
reactions |in |cells |(allows |heat |exchange |between |liquid |and |air)
Lipids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Oils |and |fat |made |of |hydrocarbon |chains, |generally |
hydrophobic |and |insoluble |in |water
Cholesterol |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Type |of |lipid
Regulates |cell |membrane |fluidity, |leads |to |formation |of |steroid |hormones, |vitamins
-component |of |animal |tissue
, Phospholipids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Amphipathic |lipid |forming |membranes |
-hydrophilic |head |and |hydrophobic |tail |to |create |bilayer
Triglycerides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Main |component |of |body |fat |in |animals, |how |energy |is |
stored
Carbohydrates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hydrated |carbon |with |water |molecules, |built |from |
sugars
Plasma |Membrane |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Composed |of |phospholipids |that |form |a |lipid |
bilayer- |semipermeable |to |allow |some |molecules |to |pass |through |and |some |cannot |
(specialized |proteins |to |facilitate |some |movement)
Endoplasmic |Reticulum |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carries |molecules |around |the |cell, |stores |ions,
|makes |lipids/proteins
Golgi |Apparatus |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Process |and |packages |proteins |before |sending |them |
off
Lyosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Breakdown |waste |and |debris, |digests |proteins, |lipids, |and |
nucleic |acids
Endosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sort |and |breakdown |waste |before |lyosomes
Peroxisomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Specialized |lyosomes |to |breakdown |molecules |that |
produce |hydrogen |peroxide
CORRECT ANSWERS
Prokaryote |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--No |nucleus/membrane
-Unicellular
-Asexual
Eukaryote |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔--Nucleus/Membrane
-multicellular |(mostly)
-sexual |or |asexual
Epithelial |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Form |protective |barriers |in |tissue
-may |be |specialized |to |absorb/secrete |specific |compounds
Muscle |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Responsible |for |movement |of |the |skeleton, |heart |and |
internal |organs
Nerve |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Conduct |electrical |signals |throughout |the |body, |controls |
contraction |of |muscles |and |responsible |for |the |5 |sense
Connective |Tissue |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Create |extracellular |material |that |holds |cells |
together
Bone |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Tough |cells |that |form |the |skeletal |system
,Secretory |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Form |glands
Adipose |Cell |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Fat |cells
Red |Blood |Cells |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Formed |primarily |in |the |bone |marrow |and |released |
into |circulation |(limited |lifespans, |must |continuously |be |replaced)
Hydrophilic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Water |is |attracted |to |water
Hydrophobic |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Does |not |dissolve |well |in |water |
-Ex. |Carbon
5 |unique |Properties |of |water |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1. |Liquid |at |room |temperature
2. |Polar
3. |More |dense |as |a |liquid |than |a |solid
4. |High |specific |heat |capacity
5. |High |heat |of |vaporization
Thermoregulation |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Water |acts |as |a |heat |sink |for |many |chemical |
reactions |in |cells |(allows |heat |exchange |between |liquid |and |air)
Lipids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Oils |and |fat |made |of |hydrocarbon |chains, |generally |
hydrophobic |and |insoluble |in |water
Cholesterol |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Type |of |lipid
Regulates |cell |membrane |fluidity, |leads |to |formation |of |steroid |hormones, |vitamins
-component |of |animal |tissue
, Phospholipids |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Amphipathic |lipid |forming |membranes |
-hydrophilic |head |and |hydrophobic |tail |to |create |bilayer
Triglycerides |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Main |component |of |body |fat |in |animals, |how |energy |is |
stored
Carbohydrates |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hydrated |carbon |with |water |molecules, |built |from |
sugars
Plasma |Membrane |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Composed |of |phospholipids |that |form |a |lipid |
bilayer- |semipermeable |to |allow |some |molecules |to |pass |through |and |some |cannot |
(specialized |proteins |to |facilitate |some |movement)
Endoplasmic |Reticulum |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carries |molecules |around |the |cell, |stores |ions,
|makes |lipids/proteins
Golgi |Apparatus |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Process |and |packages |proteins |before |sending |them |
off
Lyosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Breakdown |waste |and |debris, |digests |proteins, |lipids, |and |
nucleic |acids
Endosomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Sort |and |breakdown |waste |before |lyosomes
Peroxisomes |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Specialized |lyosomes |to |breakdown |molecules |that |
produce |hydrogen |peroxide
