NUR 337 MSU Exam 2 Review Questions
With Correct Answers
Renal |Failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Results |when |the |kidneys |are |unable |to |remove |
metabolic |waste |and |perform |their |regulatory |functions.
Glomerular |Filtration |Rate |(GFR) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Amount |of |plasma |filtered |through |
the |glomeruli |per |unit |of |time.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |abrupt |or |rapid |decline |in |renal |filtration
|function |manifested |by |acute |elevation |in |BUN |and |creatinine |occurring |in |hours |to |day |to |
weeks. |
Occurs |for |less |than |3 |months. |
AKI |is |usually |reversible.
Normal |BUN |Levels |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-8-21 |mg/dL
Normal |Creatinine |Levels |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-0.51-1.21 |mg/dL
Pre-renal |AKI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Physiological |state |of |diminished |perfusion.
Conditions |associated |with |pre-renal |AKI: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Severe |dehydration |
Excessive |volume |losses |(GI, |renal, |cutaneous, |hemorrhage)
Hypotension |
Heart |failure/myocardial |infarction |
,Sepsis |
Vascular |occlusion
Intra-renal |AKI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Damage |to |the |kidney |or |glomeruli.
Conditions |associated |with |intra-renal |AKI: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Acute |tubular |necrosis |
(diabetes) |-most |common |
Infectious |processes |(glomerulonephritis, |pyelonephritis) |
Nephrotoxic |agents |(non-steroidal |anti-inflammatory |drugs, |ACE |inhibitors, |radiographic |
media, |amino-glycosides)
Post-renal |AKI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Associated |with |obstruction |of |the |urinary |system.
Conditions |associated |with |post-renal |AKI: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Urethral |obstruction |
Bladder |obstruction |
Neurogenic |problem |
Renal |calculi |
Tumors |
Pregnancy
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Clinical |Manifestations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lethargy,
|nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, |dry |skin |and |mucous |membranes, |drowsiness, |headache, |muscle |
twitching, |seizures, |hyperkalemia, |anemia, |rise |in |BUN |levels, |acidosis.
What |are |the |4 |phases |of |AKI? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Onset/initiation, |oliguric, |diuretic, |and
|recovery
,Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Onset/Initiation |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Marked |by |
precipitating |event |(if |something |happens |to |the |kidneys).
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Oliguric |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Characterized |by |decrease |in
|urine |output |to |100-400 |ml/24 |hours.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Diuretic |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prompt |onset |marked |by |
increase |in |urine |output |over |several |days. |
Diuresis |(increased/expressive |production |of |urine) |can |result |in |urine |output |of |up |to |10
|L/day.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Recovery |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Slow |return |to |normal |
levels |of |renal |activity. |
May |permanently |reduce |GFR |by |1%-3%.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Treatments |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pre-renal |failure: |
- |rapidly |reversible |
- |correct |primary |hemodynamic |abnormality |
Intra-renal |failure: |
- |elimination |of |causative |toxin, |infection, |or |other |cause |
- |prevention |
Post-renal |failure: |
- |relief |of |obstruction |
- |if |tumor, |surgery
- |if |stone, |lithotripsy
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Collaborative |Interventions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Drug |therapy
, - |modified |dosages |(decrease |metabolite |stress |on |kidneys |and |compensate |for |decreased |
renal |metabolism) |
- |fluid |balance |(transfusions |for |pre-renal |cases) |
Diet |therapy |
- |decrease |Na+, |K+, |or |foods |with |phosphorus |
- |high |carbs |and |high |calories |
- |initially |low |protein |diet |following |diuretic |phase |switch |to |high |protein |and |high |calorie |diet
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Management |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Avoid |use |of |nephrotoxic |
meds
Maintain |adequate |hydration |and |nutrition |
Minimize |risk |for |infection |
Correct |fluids |and |electroyte |imbalances |
Skin |care |(prevent |skin |breakdown |related |to |uremia, |malnutrition, |and |immobility)
RIFLE |(classification |for |AKI) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-R |= |risk |for |injury |
I |= |injury |
F |= |failure |
L |= |loss |of |function |
E |= |end-stage |kidney |disease
Dialysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Complete |separation |of |wastes |from |the |blood |when |the |
kidneys |fail.
What |are |the |types |of |renal |replacement |therapies? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hemodialysis |
Peritoneal |dialysis |or |continuous |ambulatory |peritoneal |dialysis |(CAPD)
Continuous |renal |replacement |therapy |(CRRT)
With Correct Answers
Renal |Failure |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Results |when |the |kidneys |are |unable |to |remove |
metabolic |waste |and |perform |their |regulatory |functions.
Glomerular |Filtration |Rate |(GFR) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Amount |of |plasma |filtered |through |
the |glomeruli |per |unit |of |time.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-An |abrupt |or |rapid |decline |in |renal |filtration
|function |manifested |by |acute |elevation |in |BUN |and |creatinine |occurring |in |hours |to |day |to |
weeks. |
Occurs |for |less |than |3 |months. |
AKI |is |usually |reversible.
Normal |BUN |Levels |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-8-21 |mg/dL
Normal |Creatinine |Levels |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-0.51-1.21 |mg/dL
Pre-renal |AKI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Physiological |state |of |diminished |perfusion.
Conditions |associated |with |pre-renal |AKI: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Severe |dehydration |
Excessive |volume |losses |(GI, |renal, |cutaneous, |hemorrhage)
Hypotension |
Heart |failure/myocardial |infarction |
,Sepsis |
Vascular |occlusion
Intra-renal |AKI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Damage |to |the |kidney |or |glomeruli.
Conditions |associated |with |intra-renal |AKI: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Acute |tubular |necrosis |
(diabetes) |-most |common |
Infectious |processes |(glomerulonephritis, |pyelonephritis) |
Nephrotoxic |agents |(non-steroidal |anti-inflammatory |drugs, |ACE |inhibitors, |radiographic |
media, |amino-glycosides)
Post-renal |AKI |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Associated |with |obstruction |of |the |urinary |system.
Conditions |associated |with |post-renal |AKI: |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Urethral |obstruction |
Bladder |obstruction |
Neurogenic |problem |
Renal |calculi |
Tumors |
Pregnancy
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Clinical |Manifestations |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Lethargy,
|nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, |dry |skin |and |mucous |membranes, |drowsiness, |headache, |muscle |
twitching, |seizures, |hyperkalemia, |anemia, |rise |in |BUN |levels, |acidosis.
What |are |the |4 |phases |of |AKI? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Onset/initiation, |oliguric, |diuretic, |and
|recovery
,Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Onset/Initiation |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Marked |by |
precipitating |event |(if |something |happens |to |the |kidneys).
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Oliguric |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Characterized |by |decrease |in
|urine |output |to |100-400 |ml/24 |hours.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Diuretic |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Prompt |onset |marked |by |
increase |in |urine |output |over |several |days. |
Diuresis |(increased/expressive |production |of |urine) |can |result |in |urine |output |of |up |to |10
|L/day.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Recovery |Phase |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Slow |return |to |normal |
levels |of |renal |activity. |
May |permanently |reduce |GFR |by |1%-3%.
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Treatments |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Pre-renal |failure: |
- |rapidly |reversible |
- |correct |primary |hemodynamic |abnormality |
Intra-renal |failure: |
- |elimination |of |causative |toxin, |infection, |or |other |cause |
- |prevention |
Post-renal |failure: |
- |relief |of |obstruction |
- |if |tumor, |surgery
- |if |stone, |lithotripsy
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Collaborative |Interventions |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Drug |therapy
, - |modified |dosages |(decrease |metabolite |stress |on |kidneys |and |compensate |for |decreased |
renal |metabolism) |
- |fluid |balance |(transfusions |for |pre-renal |cases) |
Diet |therapy |
- |decrease |Na+, |K+, |or |foods |with |phosphorus |
- |high |carbs |and |high |calories |
- |initially |low |protein |diet |following |diuretic |phase |switch |to |high |protein |and |high |calorie |diet
Acute |Kidney |Injury |(AKI): |Management |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Avoid |use |of |nephrotoxic |
meds
Maintain |adequate |hydration |and |nutrition |
Minimize |risk |for |infection |
Correct |fluids |and |electroyte |imbalances |
Skin |care |(prevent |skin |breakdown |related |to |uremia, |malnutrition, |and |immobility)
RIFLE |(classification |for |AKI) |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-R |= |risk |for |injury |
I |= |injury |
F |= |failure |
L |= |loss |of |function |
E |= |end-stage |kidney |disease
Dialysis |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Complete |separation |of |wastes |from |the |blood |when |the |
kidneys |fail.
What |are |the |types |of |renal |replacement |therapies? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Hemodialysis |
Peritoneal |dialysis |or |continuous |ambulatory |peritoneal |dialysis |(CAPD)
Continuous |renal |replacement |therapy |(CRRT)
