PNM TEST 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
Drugs of choice for EARLY treatment of HF? - (ANSWER)> ACE inhibs
> ARBs
> BBs; ie. bisoprolol, extended-release metoprolol tartrate, carvedilol
> Loop D. ie. furesemide
> Aldosterone inhibs ie. spirinolactone = as HF progresses.
Class I HF - (ANSWER)No limitation of physical activity
Class II HF - (ANSWER)regular activity results in fatigue, dyspnea or other symptoms
Class III HF - (ANSWER)marked limitation of physical activity
Class IV HF - (ANSWER)Symptoms @ rest or w/ no activity at all.
inotropic - (ANSWER)drugs that affect contractility
dromotropic - (ANSWER)drugs that affect the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart
chronotropic - (ANSWER)drugs that affect the heart rate
Adverse effects of Inotropic drugs: early signs - (ANSWER)-nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia
Adverse effects of inotropic drugs: late signs - (ANSWER)-arrhythmias
-AV heart block
-blurry yellow vision
-HYPERkalemia
, PNM TEST 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
what drug class is Digoxin (Lanoxin)? - (ANSWER)cardiac glycoside
Digoxin antidote - (ANSWER)Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
T/F: Assess apical + radial pulses for a full minute before giving a BB or Digoxin for HF? - (ANSWER)True.
why should a pt avoid taking high fibre foods (ie. Bran) when taking digoxin? - (ANSWER)b/c fibre ie.bran
binds to digoxin; lowers digoxin levels
what should you do if the (adult) pts HR is less than 60 or greater than 100 before being given the HF
drug? - (ANSWER)hold the dose & notify the prescriber.
effect of HYPOkalemia w/ digoxin? - (ANSWER)increases risk of toxicity
treatment for HYPERkalemia associated w/ digoxin toxicity? - (ANSWER)B.I.G.K
- sodium BICARBONATE infusion
- INSULIN infusion
- GLUCOSE/dextrose infusion
- KAYEXELATE
drug of choice for digitalis-induced arrhythmia?
**HINT: an antiepileptic - (ANSWER)Phenytoin (Dilantin)= antiepileptic
Positive inotropic drug classes? - (ANSWER)Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cardiac glycosides
B-type natriuretic peptides
Work by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase - (ANSWER)phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Drugs of choice for EARLY treatment of HF? - (ANSWER)> ACE inhibs
> ARBs
> BBs; ie. bisoprolol, extended-release metoprolol tartrate, carvedilol
> Loop D. ie. furesemide
> Aldosterone inhibs ie. spirinolactone = as HF progresses.
Class I HF - (ANSWER)No limitation of physical activity
Class II HF - (ANSWER)regular activity results in fatigue, dyspnea or other symptoms
Class III HF - (ANSWER)marked limitation of physical activity
Class IV HF - (ANSWER)Symptoms @ rest or w/ no activity at all.
inotropic - (ANSWER)drugs that affect contractility
dromotropic - (ANSWER)drugs that affect the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart
chronotropic - (ANSWER)drugs that affect the heart rate
Adverse effects of Inotropic drugs: early signs - (ANSWER)-nausea
-vomiting
-anorexia
Adverse effects of inotropic drugs: late signs - (ANSWER)-arrhythmias
-AV heart block
-blurry yellow vision
-HYPERkalemia
, PNM TEST 2 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | 100% CORRECT
what drug class is Digoxin (Lanoxin)? - (ANSWER)cardiac glycoside
Digoxin antidote - (ANSWER)Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)
T/F: Assess apical + radial pulses for a full minute before giving a BB or Digoxin for HF? - (ANSWER)True.
why should a pt avoid taking high fibre foods (ie. Bran) when taking digoxin? - (ANSWER)b/c fibre ie.bran
binds to digoxin; lowers digoxin levels
what should you do if the (adult) pts HR is less than 60 or greater than 100 before being given the HF
drug? - (ANSWER)hold the dose & notify the prescriber.
effect of HYPOkalemia w/ digoxin? - (ANSWER)increases risk of toxicity
treatment for HYPERkalemia associated w/ digoxin toxicity? - (ANSWER)B.I.G.K
- sodium BICARBONATE infusion
- INSULIN infusion
- GLUCOSE/dextrose infusion
- KAYEXELATE
drug of choice for digitalis-induced arrhythmia?
**HINT: an antiepileptic - (ANSWER)Phenytoin (Dilantin)= antiepileptic
Positive inotropic drug classes? - (ANSWER)Phosphodiesterase inhibitors
Cardiac glycosides
B-type natriuretic peptides
Work by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase - (ANSWER)phosphodiesterase inhibitors
