BIO A 355 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
2 big ideas of biological evolution Correct Answers
Microevolution, macroevolution
3 Conditions for traits to evolve via natural selection Correct
Answers Must be heritable, variations in trait must be
associated with variations in fitness, there must be variations in
the trait
According to Hardy-Weinberg, if assumptions are fulfilled, then
gene frequencies change from one generation to the next Correct
Answers False. When the 5 assumptions are fulfilled, no
changes in gene frequency from generation to generation
An environment where tall individuals have higher fitness than
short individuals is an example of... Correct Answers
Directional selection
An individuals energy is: Correct Answers Limited, must be
differentially allocated to different elements that make up life
history
Antagonistic Pleiotropy Correct Answers Traits that are better
suited for early life but have a negative effect later on in life will
be selected overtime. Antagonistic pleiotropy literally means a
trait that has multiple purposes that's in conflict with each other.
Are some genes selected because they cause aging? Correct
Answers False. Aging may be an unintended consequence of
,natural selection acting on genes with diverse impacts across an
organism's lifespan.
Are we programmed to live or to die? Correct Answers We are
programmed to live. We have genes that contribute to somatic
repair and maintenance. This requires energy, and there has to
be a tradeoff with reproduction for energy allocation.
Bed-sharing mothers tend to ___ compared to mothers who
sleep in a separate bed from their infants Correct Answers Get
same amount of sleep, even though awakening are more
frequent
Biggest difference in hunter-gatherer vs industrialized diets
Correct Answers Traditional diets are more nutrient-dense,
higher in fiber, lower in glycemic index.
Broadly speaking, what is life history theory? Correct Answers
How our evolutionary history has shaped features of
development and life cycle. Explains variation and
developmental strategies across species.
Could human brain size have evolved without a diet sufficiently
rich in calories and nutrients? Correct Answers No. Brain needs
a lot of energy, needs to come from diet
Daily TEE in hunter-gatherers and people in industrialized
societies is... Correct Answers Roughly the same irregardless of
activity level. Humans have a "constrained" metabolism. When
physical activity increases, the body compensates by reducing
, energy spent on other physiological processes. Daily TEE
doesn't increase linearly with activity level, it tends to plateau.
Darwin knew how heredity worked Correct Answers False
Did evolution of lactation evolve before or after evolution of
viviparity (live birth) Correct Answers Before
Disposable soma Correct Answers Senescence results in the
accumulation of somatic damage. Less resources will be devoted
to maintenance of soma.
Environmental influences within life course can affect elements
of life history such as... Correct Answers Fecundity, rate of
maturation, lifespan, fertility
Evolution proceeds according to a plan, natural selection always
takes best path for long-term welfare of species Correct Answers
False
Example of proximate explanation Correct Answers Humans
can taste food because taste buds transmit signals through a
neural pathway to the brain
Example of ultimate explanation Correct Answers Pregnant
women experience morning sickness and food aversions because
it helps prevent toxins from reaching the fetus and thereby
increases her reproductive success
Fixation of a single neutral allele due to drift occurs more
readily in small or large populations Correct Answers Small
2 big ideas of biological evolution Correct Answers
Microevolution, macroevolution
3 Conditions for traits to evolve via natural selection Correct
Answers Must be heritable, variations in trait must be
associated with variations in fitness, there must be variations in
the trait
According to Hardy-Weinberg, if assumptions are fulfilled, then
gene frequencies change from one generation to the next Correct
Answers False. When the 5 assumptions are fulfilled, no
changes in gene frequency from generation to generation
An environment where tall individuals have higher fitness than
short individuals is an example of... Correct Answers
Directional selection
An individuals energy is: Correct Answers Limited, must be
differentially allocated to different elements that make up life
history
Antagonistic Pleiotropy Correct Answers Traits that are better
suited for early life but have a negative effect later on in life will
be selected overtime. Antagonistic pleiotropy literally means a
trait that has multiple purposes that's in conflict with each other.
Are some genes selected because they cause aging? Correct
Answers False. Aging may be an unintended consequence of
,natural selection acting on genes with diverse impacts across an
organism's lifespan.
Are we programmed to live or to die? Correct Answers We are
programmed to live. We have genes that contribute to somatic
repair and maintenance. This requires energy, and there has to
be a tradeoff with reproduction for energy allocation.
Bed-sharing mothers tend to ___ compared to mothers who
sleep in a separate bed from their infants Correct Answers Get
same amount of sleep, even though awakening are more
frequent
Biggest difference in hunter-gatherer vs industrialized diets
Correct Answers Traditional diets are more nutrient-dense,
higher in fiber, lower in glycemic index.
Broadly speaking, what is life history theory? Correct Answers
How our evolutionary history has shaped features of
development and life cycle. Explains variation and
developmental strategies across species.
Could human brain size have evolved without a diet sufficiently
rich in calories and nutrients? Correct Answers No. Brain needs
a lot of energy, needs to come from diet
Daily TEE in hunter-gatherers and people in industrialized
societies is... Correct Answers Roughly the same irregardless of
activity level. Humans have a "constrained" metabolism. When
physical activity increases, the body compensates by reducing
, energy spent on other physiological processes. Daily TEE
doesn't increase linearly with activity level, it tends to plateau.
Darwin knew how heredity worked Correct Answers False
Did evolution of lactation evolve before or after evolution of
viviparity (live birth) Correct Answers Before
Disposable soma Correct Answers Senescence results in the
accumulation of somatic damage. Less resources will be devoted
to maintenance of soma.
Environmental influences within life course can affect elements
of life history such as... Correct Answers Fecundity, rate of
maturation, lifespan, fertility
Evolution proceeds according to a plan, natural selection always
takes best path for long-term welfare of species Correct Answers
False
Example of proximate explanation Correct Answers Humans
can taste food because taste buds transmit signals through a
neural pathway to the brain
Example of ultimate explanation Correct Answers Pregnant
women experience morning sickness and food aversions because
it helps prevent toxins from reaching the fetus and thereby
increases her reproductive success
Fixation of a single neutral allele due to drift occurs more
readily in small or large populations Correct Answers Small
