NCE and CPCE Study Guide Questions And Correct Answers
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Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling?
Haley is most famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more
specifically with his use of the paradox technique. He also studied with Milton
Erickson.
Arnold Lazarus
He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically with methods of
desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Therapy.
William Perry
He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with
college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking"
among college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory
technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with
dualism.)
,Ed Neukrug
Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's. He noted that
college students initially think that their professor has all the answers
(dualistic), but gradually get to a more relativistic way of thinking and realize
that answers exist that are relative to a given situation. (Memory technique:
"What do you THINK about Ed nuking the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed
Neukrug.)
Robert Kegan
Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with interpersonal
development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development-
people construct reality throughout the lifespan.
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order?
Sensorimotor; Preoperational; Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in
order, but may be experienced at varying ages.
What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research?
He spent too much time observing his own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions
from a small, specific, population.
Who formulated the very first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la la!
,What is a t test?
Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in formal experiments
to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two
normally distributed groups.
Define Conservation.
A substance's mass, weight, and volume remain the same even if it changes
shape. It most likely refers to volume and mass, though. A child who has not
mastered this
concept will not have flexible thinking. (Mastered during Piaget's Concrete
Operational stage 7-11 years)
Symbolic Schema
A schema is a system where the child tests out things in the physical world. An
example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate as a steering
wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel")
This occurs in the
Preoperational Stage.
David Elkind's research supports what Piagetian concept?
Elkind's statistical research supports Piaget's principle of conservation, with
mass being the first and most easily understood concept for children,
followed by weight and
volume respectively.
Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of what type of
development?
Moral development.
, Define Epigenetic
Epigenetic is the biological term borrowed from embryology. Each stage
emerges from the one before it. It is systematic and follows a specific order.
Who is the father of American Behaviorism?
John B. Watson. He coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912.
define Reversability.
the notion that one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial
shape.
Lev Vygotsky disagreed with Piaget's theory on what point(s)?
He did not think that developmental stages take place naturally, rather the stages
unfold due to educational intervention.
What theorists are considered to have epigenetic theories?
Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow.
Who is the leading theorist of Moral Development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
A 6 year old child in Preoperational thought said, "the rain is following me". This is
an example of what characteristic?
Egocentrism: a child cannot view the world from the vantage point of another
person.
(Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed
Success!! Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Who is Jay Haley and what is the nature of his contribution to counseling?
Haley is most famous for his work on strategic and problem-solving therapy, more
specifically with his use of the paradox technique. He also studied with Milton
Erickson.
Arnold Lazarus
He is a known behavioral therapist who worked specifically with methods of
desensitization and phobias. He is most associated with Multimodal Therapy.
William Perry
He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with
college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking"
among college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory
technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with
dualism.)
,Ed Neukrug
Also a cognitive developmentalist. His work is similar to Perry's. He noted that
college students initially think that their professor has all the answers
(dualistic), but gradually get to a more relativistic way of thinking and realize
that answers exist that are relative to a given situation. (Memory technique:
"What do you THINK about Ed nuking the rug??" Think= cognitive dev, Ed
Neukrug.)
Robert Kegan
Yet another adult cognitive developmentalist. SPecifically with interpersonal
development. His theory was called the Constructive Model of Development-
people construct reality throughout the lifespan.
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development in order?
Sensorimotor; Preoperational; Concrete; Formal. These stages must occur in
order, but may be experienced at varying ages.
What is the major critique of Jean Piaget's research?
He spent too much time observing his own kids, and thus drawing his conclusions
from a small, specific, population.
Who formulated the very first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet. In France. Oh la la!
,What is a t test?
Also known as the Student's t, it is a statistical test used in formal experiments
to determine if a statistical significance exists between the means of two
normally distributed groups.
Define Conservation.
A substance's mass, weight, and volume remain the same even if it changes
shape. It most likely refers to volume and mass, though. A child who has not
mastered this
concept will not have flexible thinking. (Mastered during Piaget's Concrete
Operational stage 7-11 years)
Symbolic Schema
A schema is a system where the child tests out things in the physical world. An
example of a symbolic schema is when a child uses a pie plate as a steering
wheel (because it fits into the schema they have created for "Steering Wheel")
This occurs in the
Preoperational Stage.
David Elkind's research supports what Piagetian concept?
Elkind's statistical research supports Piaget's principle of conservation, with
mass being the first and most easily understood concept for children,
followed by weight and
volume respectively.
Lawrence Kohlberg expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of what type of
development?
Moral development.
, Define Epigenetic
Epigenetic is the biological term borrowed from embryology. Each stage
emerges from the one before it. It is systematic and follows a specific order.
Who is the father of American Behaviorism?
John B. Watson. He coined the term "behaviorism" in 1912.
define Reversability.
the notion that one can undo an action, hence an object can return to its initial
shape.
Lev Vygotsky disagreed with Piaget's theory on what point(s)?
He did not think that developmental stages take place naturally, rather the stages
unfold due to educational intervention.
What theorists are considered to have epigenetic theories?
Kohlberg, Erikson, and Maslow.
Who is the leading theorist of Moral Development?
Lawrence Kohlberg
A 6 year old child in Preoperational thought said, "the rain is following me". This is
an example of what characteristic?
Egocentrism: a child cannot view the world from the vantage point of another
person.
