NCE Study Guide (Rosenthal) Questions And Correct Answers
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Erik Erikson
Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory
shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a
psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" Came up with
Identity Crisis
Abraham Maslow
Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level
(safety and psych) dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are
unsatisfied, self-
actualization, transcendence
John Bowlby
British psychologist- said that in order to lead a normal social life the child
must bond to an adult before age 3. Saw bonding and attachment as having
survival value (adaptive significance). If bond is severed at an early age, it is
called object loss, which is a
breeding ground for abnormal behavior. Said mothers should be primary
caretakers and fathers role is to support mother emotionally rather than
nurturing the child himself.
Believes in Birth Order. (Memory Hint: Bowlby, Bonding, Birth Order)
,Jean Piaget
Field: cognition; Contributions: created a 4-stage theory of cognitive
development, said that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive
growth (assimilation and accommodation)
Piaget's Stages
Sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-6), concrete operations(6-11,
conservation), formal operations(11-15, Abstract thinking)
William Perry
He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with
college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking"
among college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory
technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with
dualism.)
Lawrence Kohlberg
Field: cognition, moral development; Contributions: created a theory of moral
development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt
behavior. Famous Heinz study (Would you steal meds for mom?)
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
pre-conventional (follow rules to avoid punishment, satisfy personal needs),
conventional (Works towards the good of society, Law and Order), post
conventional (Rules are relative, Self-chosen priniciples)
,Daniel Levinson
wrote Seasons of a Man's Life and Seasons of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife
crises as positive things, stating that those who do not face a midlife crisis could
become
stagnant later in life- avoiding the crises could lead to a lack of vitality later.
Albert Bandura
Field: sociocultural; Contributions: pioneer in observational learning (social
learning
theory), stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others;
Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls,
children mimicked play. Adult
more violent, child more violent. Think you see someone else's bandana and
learn to like it so you want it.
Robert Havinghurst
Believed that adolescence consisted of a series of developmental tasks; the
skills, knowledge, and attitudes which must be acquired at successive points in
individual
development (Walk, Talk, Eat Solid Food) (Memory Hint: Having Hurst you i will
not walk, talk and eat.)
Lev Vygotsky
Field: child development; Contributions: (Social development theory)
investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development,
zone of proximal
development; play research
, Mary Ainsworth
Field: development; Contributions: compared effects of maternal separation,
devised patterns of attachment; Studies: The Strange Situation-observation of
parent/child
attachment
Culture
Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped
by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial,
informational,
technological, material, energy, warfare, and human).
Types of Culture
Biological Sameness (We all need food), National (Law), Regional (Behavior),
Ecological (Environmental factors - Dress and Eat), Macro (Majority), Micro
(Minority)
Race
A group of humans being distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic
code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics.
(Verified Answers) Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!!
Newest Exam | Just Released!!
Erik Erikson
Field: neo-Freudian, humanistic; 8 psychosocial stages of development: theory
shows how people evolve through the life span. Each stage is marked by a
psychological crisis that involves confronting "Who am I?" Came up with
Identity Crisis
Abraham Maslow
Field: humanism; Contributions: hierarchy of needs-needs at a lower level
(safety and psych) dominate an individual's motivation as long as they are
unsatisfied, self-
actualization, transcendence
John Bowlby
British psychologist- said that in order to lead a normal social life the child
must bond to an adult before age 3. Saw bonding and attachment as having
survival value (adaptive significance). If bond is severed at an early age, it is
called object loss, which is a
breeding ground for abnormal behavior. Said mothers should be primary
caretakers and fathers role is to support mother emotionally rather than
nurturing the child himself.
Believes in Birth Order. (Memory Hint: Bowlby, Bonding, Birth Order)
,Jean Piaget
Field: cognition; Contributions: created a 4-stage theory of cognitive
development, said that two basic processes work in tandem to achieve cognitive
growth (assimilation and accommodation)
Piaget's Stages
Sensorimotor (0-2), preoperational (2-6), concrete operations(6-11,
conservation), formal operations(11-15, Abstract thinking)
William Perry
He is known for his work in adult cognitive development, specifically with
college students. He worked a lot with the concept of "dualistic thinking"
among college students, where everything is either black or white. (Memory
technique: think of Katy Perry's song Hot and Cold to associate Perry with
dualism.)
Lawrence Kohlberg
Field: cognition, moral development; Contributions: created a theory of moral
development that has 3 levels; focuses on moral reasoning rather than overt
behavior. Famous Heinz study (Would you steal meds for mom?)
Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development
pre-conventional (follow rules to avoid punishment, satisfy personal needs),
conventional (Works towards the good of society, Law and Order), post
conventional (Rules are relative, Self-chosen priniciples)
,Daniel Levinson
wrote Seasons of a Man's Life and Seasons of a Woman's Life. He viewed midlife
crises as positive things, stating that those who do not face a midlife crisis could
become
stagnant later in life- avoiding the crises could lead to a lack of vitality later.
Albert Bandura
Field: sociocultural; Contributions: pioneer in observational learning (social
learning
theory), stated that people profit from the mistakes/successes of others;
Studies: Bobo Dolls-adults demonstrated 'appropriate' play with dolls,
children mimicked play. Adult
more violent, child more violent. Think you see someone else's bandana and
learn to like it so you want it.
Robert Havinghurst
Believed that adolescence consisted of a series of developmental tasks; the
skills, knowledge, and attitudes which must be acquired at successive points in
individual
development (Walk, Talk, Eat Solid Food) (Memory Hint: Having Hurst you i will
not walk, talk and eat.)
Lev Vygotsky
Field: child development; Contributions: (Social development theory)
investigated how culture & interpersonal communication guide development,
zone of proximal
development; play research
, Mary Ainsworth
Field: development; Contributions: compared effects of maternal separation,
devised patterns of attachment; Studies: The Strange Situation-observation of
parent/child
attachment
Culture
Culture is a shared set of traditions, belief systems, and behaviors and is shaped
by many factors, including history, religion, politics, and resources (financial,
informational,
technological, material, energy, warfare, and human).
Types of Culture
Biological Sameness (We all need food), National (Law), Regional (Behavior),
Ecological (Environmental factors - Dress and Eat), Macro (Majority), Micro
(Minority)
Race
A group of humans being distinguished by physical traits, blood types, genetic
code patterns or genetically inherited characteristics.
