NUR2063: Essentials of Pathophysiology Exam 2 Latest 2026
||Update Questions and Correct Verified Answers/NR 2063
Already Graded A+
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?
peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat
intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting?
glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type
1 diabetes?
adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
myxoedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle
pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?
fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?
numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?
fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?
negative feedback loop
pg. 1
,What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid
stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
When is enuresis abnormal?
after age 5
People with polycystic kidney disease should do what?
increase fluid intake, measure blood pressure regularly
What is polyuria?
frequent urination
Female Mutilation
risks for uti, trouble urinating
What hormone causes bleeding during menopause?
estrogen
Where does exchange occur in the kidneys?
As the filtered fluid moves along the tubule, the blood vessel
reabsorbs almost all of the water, along with minerals and nutrients
your body needs. The tubule helps remove excess acid from the
blood. The remaining fluid and wastes in the tubule become urine.
What increases the risk for bladder cancer?
smoking
What is the kidney filtration path?
Bowman’s capsule>proximal tubule>loop of henle>distal tubule
What causes increase in glumerial filtration?
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is cystitis?
inflammation of the urinary bladder; UTI, painful burning, itching,
pg. 2
,What is a hydrocele?
Fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis
What are the symptoms of prositis?
pain, fever, trouble urinating, trouble with urine retention
What is renal colic?
kidney stone related pain
What is the bacteria associated with syphilis?
anaerobic spirochetes
What are complications of syphilis?
vascular problems, cardiovascular, aortic stenosis, inflamed aorta,
aorta necrosis, brain aneurysm, blindness, numbness, tingly,
loopyness
What end periods?
anorexia, menopause, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, adenomas and
carcinomas
When is RAS activated?
low BP
Treatment for herpes
Acyclovir, sitz bath, dry heat
symptoms of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
dark urine
What causes acromegaly?
excessive GH during adulthood
Primary hypothyroidism levels
low T4, high TSH
Secondary hypothyroidism levels
pg. 3
, low T3, T4 and TSH
What is gigantism?
hypersecretion of GH in children
What is diabetes insipidus?
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes
excessive water loss
What is SIADH?
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium
secretion
What is the tumor of the adrenal gland?
Pheochromocytoma
What is diabetes insipidus?
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes
excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus
polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
What are the three p's in diabetes?
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine
disorders?
Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands,
malfunction of the hormone producing gland; Secondary endocrine
disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland.
What is the cause of Cushing syndrome?
Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis?
Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
pg. 4
||Update Questions and Correct Verified Answers/NR 2063
Already Graded A+
What is type 2 diabetes characterized as?
peripheral tissue insulin resistance
What are the clinical manifestations of Graves' disease?
Exophthalmos (bulging eyes), goiter, enlarge thyroid, heat
intolerance, anxiety- hyperthyroidism
What processes occur during fasting?
glucogenesis; glycogenesis
What type of tissue is accessed to promote energy production in type
1 diabetes?
adipose/ fat
What are the clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism?
myxoedema, fatigue, cold sensitivity, constipation, weight gain
What are the clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism?
Goiter, fatigue, weight loss, infertility, memory loss, hair loss, muscle
pain
What are the clinical manifestation of hyper para thyroidism?
fatigue, body aches, bone pain, depression, headaches, memory loss
What are the clinical manifestations of hypo para thyroidism?
numbness, tetany, parathesis, muscle spasms
What are the clinical manifestations of ketoacidosis?
fruity breath, drowsiness, nausea, thirst, confusion, lethargy, vomiting
What mechanisms control hormone release and regulation?
negative feedback loop
pg. 1
,What hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland?
Growth Hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid
stimulating hormone, LH, ACTH and endorphins
When is enuresis abnormal?
after age 5
People with polycystic kidney disease should do what?
increase fluid intake, measure blood pressure regularly
What is polyuria?
frequent urination
Female Mutilation
risks for uti, trouble urinating
What hormone causes bleeding during menopause?
estrogen
Where does exchange occur in the kidneys?
As the filtered fluid moves along the tubule, the blood vessel
reabsorbs almost all of the water, along with minerals and nutrients
your body needs. The tubule helps remove excess acid from the
blood. The remaining fluid and wastes in the tubule become urine.
What increases the risk for bladder cancer?
smoking
What is the kidney filtration path?
Bowman’s capsule>proximal tubule>loop of henle>distal tubule
What causes increase in glumerial filtration?
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
What is cystitis?
inflammation of the urinary bladder; UTI, painful burning, itching,
pg. 2
,What is a hydrocele?
Fluid collection within the tunica vaginalis
What are the symptoms of prositis?
pain, fever, trouble urinating, trouble with urine retention
What is renal colic?
kidney stone related pain
What is the bacteria associated with syphilis?
anaerobic spirochetes
What are complications of syphilis?
vascular problems, cardiovascular, aortic stenosis, inflamed aorta,
aorta necrosis, brain aneurysm, blindness, numbness, tingly,
loopyness
What end periods?
anorexia, menopause, pregnancy, hypothyroidism, adenomas and
carcinomas
When is RAS activated?
low BP
Treatment for herpes
Acyclovir, sitz bath, dry heat
symptoms of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
dark urine
What causes acromegaly?
excessive GH during adulthood
Primary hypothyroidism levels
low T4, high TSH
Secondary hypothyroidism levels
pg. 3
, low T3, T4 and TSH
What is gigantism?
hypersecretion of GH in children
What is diabetes insipidus?
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes
excessive water loss
What is SIADH?
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone; too much sodium
secretion
What is the tumor of the adrenal gland?
Pheochromocytoma
What is diabetes insipidus?
a disorder caused by inadequate amounts of ADH which causes
excessive water loss
clinical manifestations of diabetes insipidus
polyuria, nocturia, continuous thirst, and polydipsia
What are the three p's in diabetes?
polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
What is the difference between primary and secondary endocrine
disorders?
Primary endocrine disease inhibits the action of downstream glands,
malfunction of the hormone producing gland; Secondary endocrine
disease is indicative of a problem with the pituitary gland.
What is the cause of Cushing syndrome?
Excessive corticosteroids
What is acute gastritis?
Transient inflammation of the gastric mucosa
pg. 4
