NTR 103 Exam 1 Study Guide: Chapter 14, 17, Nutrition
Care Process Questions With Complete Solutions
24-hour dietary recall: Correct Answers a record of foods
consumed during the previous day or in the past 24 hours;
sometimes modified to include foods consumed in a typical day
4 Steps: Nutrition Assessment Correct Answers Nutrition
Assessment-
A nutrition assessment involves the collection and analysis of
health-related information in order to identify specific nutrition
problems and their underlying causes. The information may be
obtained from the medical record, physical examination,
laboratory analyses, medical procedures, an interview with the
patient or caregiver, and consultation with other health
professionals. The assessment data are used to develop a plan of
action to prevent or correct energy or nutrient imbalances, or to
determine whether a care plan is working.
(Pg.423)
anorexia: Correct Answers loss of appetite
anthropometric (AN-throwpoe-MEH-trik): Correct Answers
related to physical measurements of the human body, such as
height, weight, body circumferences, and percentage of body fat.
Anthropometrics for Children and Adults Correct Answers
Bariatric Surgery: 3 Types Correct Answers Bariatric Surgery-
, Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective and
durable treatment for morbid obesity.31 Candidates for bariatric
surgery are obese individuals who have a body mass index
(BMI) greater than 40, or a BMI between 35 and 40
accompanied by severe weight-related problems such as
diabetes, hypertension, or debilitating osteoarthritis (a healthy
BMI usually falls between 18.5 and 25). In addition, the patient
should have attempted a variety of nonsurgical weight-loss
measures—such as dietary adjustments, exercise, medications,
and behavior modification—prior to seeking surgery. Patients
preparing for bariatric surgery should have realistic expectations
about the amount of weight they are likely to lose, the diet they
will need to follow, and the complications that may ensue. Some
types of bariatric surgery can dramatically affect health and
nutrition status, and many patients require lifelong management.
Bariatric Surgical Procedures-
The gastric bypass operation, which accounts for about 45 to 50
percent of bariatric surgeries,32 constructs a small gastric pouch
that reduces stomach capacity and thereby restricts meal size. In
addition, the gastric pouch is connected directly to the jejunum,
resulting in significant nutrient malabsorption because the flow
of food bypasses a large portion of the small intestine. In the
gastric banding procedure, a fluid-filled inflatable band is placed
around the uppermost portion of the stomach; adjusting the
band's fluid level can tighten or loosen the band and alter the
size of the opening to the rest of the stomach. A smaller opening
,slows the rate at which the upper region is emptied and prolongs
the sense of fullness after a meal. The sleeve gastrectomy
procedure removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving a
narrow gastric tube (or "sleeve")
Biochemical analyses - serum proteins in particular Correct
Answers Biochemical Analyses-
Biochemical data are based on analyses of blood and urine
samples, which contain nutrients, proteins, and metabolites that
reflect various aspects of nutrition and health status. Repeated
measures are more helpful than single values, as serial data can
indicate whether a condition is improving or worsening. Table
14-8 (pp. 432-433) describes common blood tests that may be
helpful in a nutrition assessment. Laboratory tests relevant to
specific diseases will be discussed in the chapters that follow.
Interpreting laboratory values can be challenging because a
number of factors influence test results. For example, fluid
imbalances can alter test values: fluid retention dilutes
substances and therefore lowers lab values, whereas dehydration
can cause an increase in lab values. Serum protein levels may be
influenced by fluid status, infections, inflammation, pregnancy,
and other factors. Similarly, serum levels of vitamins and
minerals are often poor indicators of nutrient deficiency because
of the effects of other physiological factors. Taken together with
other assessment data, however, laboratory test results help to
present a clearer picture than is possible to obtain otherwise.
Serum Proteins-
, Serum protein levels can aid in the assessment of protein-
energy status, but as mentioned earlier, the levels may fluctuate
for other reasons as well.9 Because serum proteins are
synthesized in the liver, blood levels of these proteins can reflect
liver function. Metabolic stress (often due to illness, injury, or
infection) alters serum proteins because the liver responds to
stress by increasing its synthesis of some proteins and reducing
the synthesis of others. Values may also be influenced by
hydration status, pregnancy, kidney function, zinc status, blood
loss, and some medications. Because serum p
body mass index (BMI): Correct Answers a person's weight in
relation to height; determined by dividing one's weight (in
kilograms) by the square of the height (in meters).
calorie counts: Correct Answers estimates of food energy (and
often, protein) consumed by patients for one or more days.
Clear Liquid Diet Correct Answers Clear liquid diet-
Contains clear fluids or foods that are liquid at room temperature
and leave minimal residue in the colon.
For preparation for bowel surgery or colonoscopy, for acute GI
disturbances (such as after GI surgeries), or as a transition diet
after intravenous feeding. For short-term use only.
(Pg.438)
Care Process Questions With Complete Solutions
24-hour dietary recall: Correct Answers a record of foods
consumed during the previous day or in the past 24 hours;
sometimes modified to include foods consumed in a typical day
4 Steps: Nutrition Assessment Correct Answers Nutrition
Assessment-
A nutrition assessment involves the collection and analysis of
health-related information in order to identify specific nutrition
problems and their underlying causes. The information may be
obtained from the medical record, physical examination,
laboratory analyses, medical procedures, an interview with the
patient or caregiver, and consultation with other health
professionals. The assessment data are used to develop a plan of
action to prevent or correct energy or nutrient imbalances, or to
determine whether a care plan is working.
(Pg.423)
anorexia: Correct Answers loss of appetite
anthropometric (AN-throwpoe-MEH-trik): Correct Answers
related to physical measurements of the human body, such as
height, weight, body circumferences, and percentage of body fat.
Anthropometrics for Children and Adults Correct Answers
Bariatric Surgery: 3 Types Correct Answers Bariatric Surgery-
, Bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective and
durable treatment for morbid obesity.31 Candidates for bariatric
surgery are obese individuals who have a body mass index
(BMI) greater than 40, or a BMI between 35 and 40
accompanied by severe weight-related problems such as
diabetes, hypertension, or debilitating osteoarthritis (a healthy
BMI usually falls between 18.5 and 25). In addition, the patient
should have attempted a variety of nonsurgical weight-loss
measures—such as dietary adjustments, exercise, medications,
and behavior modification—prior to seeking surgery. Patients
preparing for bariatric surgery should have realistic expectations
about the amount of weight they are likely to lose, the diet they
will need to follow, and the complications that may ensue. Some
types of bariatric surgery can dramatically affect health and
nutrition status, and many patients require lifelong management.
Bariatric Surgical Procedures-
The gastric bypass operation, which accounts for about 45 to 50
percent of bariatric surgeries,32 constructs a small gastric pouch
that reduces stomach capacity and thereby restricts meal size. In
addition, the gastric pouch is connected directly to the jejunum,
resulting in significant nutrient malabsorption because the flow
of food bypasses a large portion of the small intestine. In the
gastric banding procedure, a fluid-filled inflatable band is placed
around the uppermost portion of the stomach; adjusting the
band's fluid level can tighten or loosen the band and alter the
size of the opening to the rest of the stomach. A smaller opening
,slows the rate at which the upper region is emptied and prolongs
the sense of fullness after a meal. The sleeve gastrectomy
procedure removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving a
narrow gastric tube (or "sleeve")
Biochemical analyses - serum proteins in particular Correct
Answers Biochemical Analyses-
Biochemical data are based on analyses of blood and urine
samples, which contain nutrients, proteins, and metabolites that
reflect various aspects of nutrition and health status. Repeated
measures are more helpful than single values, as serial data can
indicate whether a condition is improving or worsening. Table
14-8 (pp. 432-433) describes common blood tests that may be
helpful in a nutrition assessment. Laboratory tests relevant to
specific diseases will be discussed in the chapters that follow.
Interpreting laboratory values can be challenging because a
number of factors influence test results. For example, fluid
imbalances can alter test values: fluid retention dilutes
substances and therefore lowers lab values, whereas dehydration
can cause an increase in lab values. Serum protein levels may be
influenced by fluid status, infections, inflammation, pregnancy,
and other factors. Similarly, serum levels of vitamins and
minerals are often poor indicators of nutrient deficiency because
of the effects of other physiological factors. Taken together with
other assessment data, however, laboratory test results help to
present a clearer picture than is possible to obtain otherwise.
Serum Proteins-
, Serum protein levels can aid in the assessment of protein-
energy status, but as mentioned earlier, the levels may fluctuate
for other reasons as well.9 Because serum proteins are
synthesized in the liver, blood levels of these proteins can reflect
liver function. Metabolic stress (often due to illness, injury, or
infection) alters serum proteins because the liver responds to
stress by increasing its synthesis of some proteins and reducing
the synthesis of others. Values may also be influenced by
hydration status, pregnancy, kidney function, zinc status, blood
loss, and some medications. Because serum p
body mass index (BMI): Correct Answers a person's weight in
relation to height; determined by dividing one's weight (in
kilograms) by the square of the height (in meters).
calorie counts: Correct Answers estimates of food energy (and
often, protein) consumed by patients for one or more days.
Clear Liquid Diet Correct Answers Clear liquid diet-
Contains clear fluids or foods that are liquid at room temperature
and leave minimal residue in the colon.
For preparation for bowel surgery or colonoscopy, for acute GI
disturbances (such as after GI surgeries), or as a transition diet
after intravenous feeding. For short-term use only.
(Pg.438)
