Bio 148-unit 3 Study Guide Questions
with All Complete Solutions.
what is not bound to the central dogma of an amino acid? - Answer hydroxyl group
for each amino acid there are _________ major components that surround the central carbon -
Answer 4
peptide bonds are formed from what? - Answer the carboxyl group of 1 amino acid with the
amino group of the amino acid it's being linked to
what do you look for when trying to find a chain of amino acids? - Answer a carbon with a
double bonded oxygen connected to a nitrogen
what is the N terminus? - Answer 1st amino acid, amino group is not bound to anything
what is the C terminus? - Answer has the free carboxyl group, new amino acids are ALWAYS
added here
how are secondary structures formed? - Answer when hydrogen bonds form between the
backbone components (R-groups) ex. alpha helices and beta pleaded sheets
how are tertiary structures formed? - Answer when side chains interact with each other or
backbones
what is a quaternary structure? - Answer (only happens in certain proteins) multiple peptide
chains come together to form one structure ex. hemoglobin
what happens when a change in the primary structure occurs? - Answer it can cause a
dramatic change in all of the other structures to where the protein may be nonfunctional
what do proteins have to be to function properly? - Answer folded
what can heat do to proteins? - Answer it can cause proteins to lose their function
what can misfolded proteins cause? - Answer diseases and other proteins to misfold
, what do genes do and have? - Answer encode proteins, regulatory proteins
how does a gene make proteins? - Answer DNA was a storage molecule and dictates what
amino acids to be made
where is DNA made? - Answer nucleus
what does the Central Dogma do? - Answer helps provide what gene expression is (connects
DNA level to protein level)
what is a genotype? - Answer genetic makeup of an organism
what is a phenotype? - Answer an observable characteristic of an organism (physical)
what is a retrovirus? - Answer causes RNA to convert back to DNA
what can 3 bases do? - Answer encode an amino acid (codon)
what is gene expression? - Answer overall process by which the info encoded in genes is
converted into an active product, most commonly a protein. includes transcription and
translation of a gene and in some cases protein activation
what is the Genetic Code? - Answer redundant, unambiguous, and non-overlapping, nearly
universal, conservative. all living things use this code
DNA to RNA is possible through? - Answer transcription
RNA to proteins is possible through? - Answer translation
describe transcription - Answer 1st step to get a gene expressed. every single cell has the
exact same DNA. different genes produce cells (eye cells, liver cells, etc)
what does gene expression do during the course of development? - Answer it's what makes
one cell different from another
what does the mRNA do when it leaves the nucleus? - Answer goes to the cytoplasm so the
ribosomes can translate the message into the amino acids and a protein can be formed
with All Complete Solutions.
what is not bound to the central dogma of an amino acid? - Answer hydroxyl group
for each amino acid there are _________ major components that surround the central carbon -
Answer 4
peptide bonds are formed from what? - Answer the carboxyl group of 1 amino acid with the
amino group of the amino acid it's being linked to
what do you look for when trying to find a chain of amino acids? - Answer a carbon with a
double bonded oxygen connected to a nitrogen
what is the N terminus? - Answer 1st amino acid, amino group is not bound to anything
what is the C terminus? - Answer has the free carboxyl group, new amino acids are ALWAYS
added here
how are secondary structures formed? - Answer when hydrogen bonds form between the
backbone components (R-groups) ex. alpha helices and beta pleaded sheets
how are tertiary structures formed? - Answer when side chains interact with each other or
backbones
what is a quaternary structure? - Answer (only happens in certain proteins) multiple peptide
chains come together to form one structure ex. hemoglobin
what happens when a change in the primary structure occurs? - Answer it can cause a
dramatic change in all of the other structures to where the protein may be nonfunctional
what do proteins have to be to function properly? - Answer folded
what can heat do to proteins? - Answer it can cause proteins to lose their function
what can misfolded proteins cause? - Answer diseases and other proteins to misfold
, what do genes do and have? - Answer encode proteins, regulatory proteins
how does a gene make proteins? - Answer DNA was a storage molecule and dictates what
amino acids to be made
where is DNA made? - Answer nucleus
what does the Central Dogma do? - Answer helps provide what gene expression is (connects
DNA level to protein level)
what is a genotype? - Answer genetic makeup of an organism
what is a phenotype? - Answer an observable characteristic of an organism (physical)
what is a retrovirus? - Answer causes RNA to convert back to DNA
what can 3 bases do? - Answer encode an amino acid (codon)
what is gene expression? - Answer overall process by which the info encoded in genes is
converted into an active product, most commonly a protein. includes transcription and
translation of a gene and in some cases protein activation
what is the Genetic Code? - Answer redundant, unambiguous, and non-overlapping, nearly
universal, conservative. all living things use this code
DNA to RNA is possible through? - Answer transcription
RNA to proteins is possible through? - Answer translation
describe transcription - Answer 1st step to get a gene expressed. every single cell has the
exact same DNA. different genes produce cells (eye cells, liver cells, etc)
what does gene expression do during the course of development? - Answer it's what makes
one cell different from another
what does the mRNA do when it leaves the nucleus? - Answer goes to the cytoplasm so the
ribosomes can translate the message into the amino acids and a protein can be formed
