CDM 2 Test Bank Exam 2 2026-2027 Most Recent Exam Actual
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what is the MC type of intrarenal AKI
acute tubular necrosis
diagnostics of acute tubular necrosis
UA: renal tubular epi casts, granular muddy casts!!
↓ urine specific gravity
↓ urine osmolarity
FENa >2%
urine Na> 40
BUN:Cr <15:1
treatment/prognosis of ATN
Remove offending agent + IV fluids
Furosemide only if clinically indicated
Prognosis: return to baseline 7-21 days
,acute interstitial nephritis patho and causes (3 big)
Intrinsic AKI of inflammatory or allergic tubulointerstitial injury
-Drug hy persensitivity : NSAIDs, PCNs!!!, sulfa, cephalosporins,
-infections: strep, CMV
-autoimmune: SLE, Sjogren's
meds we worry ab with AIN
NSAIDs, penicillins/cephalosporins (B-lactams), sulfa drugs, cipro??
symptoms of AIN
Triad: fever, transient maculopapular rash, arthralgias
AIN diagnostics
UA: WBC, white casts eosinophiluria, RBCs,
proteinuria Serum: ↑ Cr, ↑IgE eosinophilia
AIN treatment
Supportive: discontinue offending med
Bx proven: corticosteroids
,post renal AKI patho + causes
Obstruction of passage of urine, least common AKI bc both kidneys need to be
obstructed
BPH in men!!!
Kidney stones, tumors, bladder outlet obstruction
post-renal AKI diagnostics
↑ Serum Creatinine: both kidneys involved
Renal US: 1st imaging, look for sx of retention, hydronephrosis, etc
postvoid residual: >100 suggests post AKI
post-renal AKI treatment
Remove obstruction: catheterization can correct it quickly
, nephrOtic syndrome patho + main things
↑ glomerular permeability- noninflammatory damage to PODOCYTES, loss of
albumin
= ↓ oncotic pressure=edema
PROTEINURIA >3.5g!!!!
causes/RFs of nephrotic syndrome
Primary glomerular dz minimal change dz, FSGS, MN
Secondary: diabetic nephropathy MC!!, SLE, sjogrens, amyloidosis, viral (HBV,
HCV, HIV)
Complete Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just
Released!!
what is the MC type of intrarenal AKI
acute tubular necrosis
diagnostics of acute tubular necrosis
UA: renal tubular epi casts, granular muddy casts!!
↓ urine specific gravity
↓ urine osmolarity
FENa >2%
urine Na> 40
BUN:Cr <15:1
treatment/prognosis of ATN
Remove offending agent + IV fluids
Furosemide only if clinically indicated
Prognosis: return to baseline 7-21 days
,acute interstitial nephritis patho and causes (3 big)
Intrinsic AKI of inflammatory or allergic tubulointerstitial injury
-Drug hy persensitivity : NSAIDs, PCNs!!!, sulfa, cephalosporins,
-infections: strep, CMV
-autoimmune: SLE, Sjogren's
meds we worry ab with AIN
NSAIDs, penicillins/cephalosporins (B-lactams), sulfa drugs, cipro??
symptoms of AIN
Triad: fever, transient maculopapular rash, arthralgias
AIN diagnostics
UA: WBC, white casts eosinophiluria, RBCs,
proteinuria Serum: ↑ Cr, ↑IgE eosinophilia
AIN treatment
Supportive: discontinue offending med
Bx proven: corticosteroids
,post renal AKI patho + causes
Obstruction of passage of urine, least common AKI bc both kidneys need to be
obstructed
BPH in men!!!
Kidney stones, tumors, bladder outlet obstruction
post-renal AKI diagnostics
↑ Serum Creatinine: both kidneys involved
Renal US: 1st imaging, look for sx of retention, hydronephrosis, etc
postvoid residual: >100 suggests post AKI
post-renal AKI treatment
Remove obstruction: catheterization can correct it quickly
, nephrOtic syndrome patho + main things
↑ glomerular permeability- noninflammatory damage to PODOCYTES, loss of
albumin
= ↓ oncotic pressure=edema
PROTEINURIA >3.5g!!!!
causes/RFs of nephrotic syndrome
Primary glomerular dz minimal change dz, FSGS, MN
Secondary: diabetic nephropathy MC!!, SLE, sjogrens, amyloidosis, viral (HBV,
HCV, HIV)
