CMP 2 Actual Exam 2 2026-2027 Most Recent Exam Actual
Complete Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
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what meds do we worry about with interstitial nephritis
NSAIDs
Vancomycin!!!!!!
Aminoglycosides
contrast
FENa calculation and its purpose
fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)
most often used to help differentiate prerenal disease from ATN
(Urine Sodium x Serum Creatinine) / (Serum Sodium x Urine Creatinine)
x 100
what are the percentages of FENa
FENa < 1 % consistent with prerenal disease (in patients with significant GFR ↓)
FENa > 2% consistent with ATN
,who do we cautiously use FENa in? what do we use instead?
patients currently taking diuretics
Fractional excretion of Urea more helpful when evaluating these patients
postrenal AKI and diagnostic choice
Source of renal failure is distal to the kidney
Secondary to obstruction of the urinary tract. could be at the level of the ureter,
bladder, orurethra
Pts may have anuria, oliguria or still maintain normal urinary output
Renal ultrasound is the diagnostic test of choice
if labs and hx/exam do not identify underlying cause of AKI, what is the next step?
renal imaging and possible biopsy
CKD definition
presence of kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for three or
more months, irrespective of the cause
what are the two MCC of CKD in the US
HTN and diabetes
,possible lab abnormalities in CKD (4 big ones)
- Decreased GFR
- Increased creatinine
- Increased BUN
- Increased urine protein
- Anemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Increased parathyroid hormone
- Metabolic acidosis
what are the stages of CKD
Stage 1: GFR >90
Stage 2: GFR 60-89
Stage 3a: GFR 45-59
Stage 3b: GFR 30-44
Stage 4: GFR 15-29
Stage 5: GFR < 15
what is the best predictor of prognosis of CKD
proteinuria
, if labs and hx/exam do not identify underlying cause of CKD, what is the next step?
biopsy may be considered
management of CKD main point
slow progression of disease!!!!
ACEis/ARBs/ SGLT2s
what is the cause of anemia in CKD
decreased production of EPO
nephritic syndrome
inflammatory glomerular damage (antigen deposition, antibodies against the
glomerulus or antigen-antibody complexes deposition) = RBCs, WBCs, and some protein
leak
nephrotic syndrome
noninflammatory damage to glomerular capillar wall = lots of protein to leak through
microscopy findings for nephritic syndrome
red cell casts or dysmoprhic RBCs
Complete Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers)
Already Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just
Released!!
what meds do we worry about with interstitial nephritis
NSAIDs
Vancomycin!!!!!!
Aminoglycosides
contrast
FENa calculation and its purpose
fractional excretion of sodium (FENa)
most often used to help differentiate prerenal disease from ATN
(Urine Sodium x Serum Creatinine) / (Serum Sodium x Urine Creatinine)
x 100
what are the percentages of FENa
FENa < 1 % consistent with prerenal disease (in patients with significant GFR ↓)
FENa > 2% consistent with ATN
,who do we cautiously use FENa in? what do we use instead?
patients currently taking diuretics
Fractional excretion of Urea more helpful when evaluating these patients
postrenal AKI and diagnostic choice
Source of renal failure is distal to the kidney
Secondary to obstruction of the urinary tract. could be at the level of the ureter,
bladder, orurethra
Pts may have anuria, oliguria or still maintain normal urinary output
Renal ultrasound is the diagnostic test of choice
if labs and hx/exam do not identify underlying cause of AKI, what is the next step?
renal imaging and possible biopsy
CKD definition
presence of kidney damage or decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for three or
more months, irrespective of the cause
what are the two MCC of CKD in the US
HTN and diabetes
,possible lab abnormalities in CKD (4 big ones)
- Decreased GFR
- Increased creatinine
- Increased BUN
- Increased urine protein
- Anemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Hypocalcemia
- Increased parathyroid hormone
- Metabolic acidosis
what are the stages of CKD
Stage 1: GFR >90
Stage 2: GFR 60-89
Stage 3a: GFR 45-59
Stage 3b: GFR 30-44
Stage 4: GFR 15-29
Stage 5: GFR < 15
what is the best predictor of prognosis of CKD
proteinuria
, if labs and hx/exam do not identify underlying cause of CKD, what is the next step?
biopsy may be considered
management of CKD main point
slow progression of disease!!!!
ACEis/ARBs/ SGLT2s
what is the cause of anemia in CKD
decreased production of EPO
nephritic syndrome
inflammatory glomerular damage (antigen deposition, antibodies against the
glomerulus or antigen-antibody complexes deposition) = RBCs, WBCs, and some protein
leak
nephrotic syndrome
noninflammatory damage to glomerular capillar wall = lots of protein to leak through
microscopy findings for nephritic syndrome
red cell casts or dysmoprhic RBCs
