BIO 446L - Lecture Exam 5 Most Recent Exam Actual Complete
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cortical nephrons
85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex; shorter loops of Henle
- glomerulus near the outer parts of the cortex
glomerulus
small tuft of capillaries that functions in filtration
- within renal corpuscle
- Fenestrated capillaries in podocytes allow the filtration
- Restricted filtration so RBCs and large anionic proteins can't leave/be filtered
out
- filtrate contains lots of good stuff that needs to be reabsorbed in tubular
system
filtrate from the glomerulus
contains water, glucose, amino acids, ions, urea, hormones, vitamins B and C,
ketones, very small amounts of protein
Bowman's Capsule
surrounds the glomerulus in a double layer of epithelia
- Parietal layer = simple squamous epithelium
- visceral layer = specialized epithelial cells = podocytes
,podocytes
specialized epithelial cells in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap
around capillaries of the glomerulus
- have Extensions and filtration slits for exchange
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
1st segment of the nephron between the glomerular capsule and the nephron
loop
- brush border, cuboidal to lower columnar epithelium
- functions as reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, sodium
back into bloodstream; most substances filtered at glomerulus
are reabsorbed
- Secretes drugs and toxins from blood back into filtrate
- site of the most reabsorption
loop of henle
Main function - concentration gradient for filtrate processing
- In between proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
- composed of 3 segments: thin descending limb, thin ascending limb,
and thick ascending limb
- Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more
concentrated as it loses water which leads to an increase in osmotic
pressure
- Extra ions taken out in ascending limb by sending some to blood stream and
some to adjacent tissue → osmotic pressure levels out and filtrate becomes
hyperosmotic
- example of "countercurrent exchange" between blood in vasa recta and filtrate
in loop
,vasa recta
the capillary system in the kidney that serves the loop of Henle
- blood source from efferent arteriole
- Comes in normal, increases in ions by absorbing ions sent out by ascending limb
- Blood becomes highly ion concentrated, but dilutes by absorbing water
ejected from descending limb
thin descending limb
simple squamous epithelium
- permeable to water, impermeable to solutes
thin ascending limb
simple squamous epithelium
- highly permeable to Na+ and Cl-, moderately permeable to urea, and almost
completely impermeable to water
, thick ascending limb
simple cuboidal epithelium
- pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl- = filtrate becomes hyperosmotic
- also called distal straight tubule
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
simple cuboidal epithelium, NO brush border
- segment of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting duct
Function - ion transport and reabsorption of water (regulated by ADH) and
Na+ (regulated by aldosterone)
collecting duct
A segment of the nephron that returns water from the filtrate to the bloodstream
collecting tubules and ducts
Tubule system that collects tubular filtrate from the DCT and carries it to the renal
pelvis
- Simple cuboidal epithelium in smaller ducts → becomes a columnar
epithelium as ducts increase in size
- function = maintain osmotic equilibrium; urine concentrating
- 2 types of cells:
1. Principal cells for ion transport
2. intercalated cells for acid-base balance
-Reabsorption of water is under control of ADH
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified Answers) Already
Graded A+ | Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam | Just
Released!!
cortical nephrons
85% of nephrons; almost entirely in cortex; shorter loops of Henle
- glomerulus near the outer parts of the cortex
glomerulus
small tuft of capillaries that functions in filtration
- within renal corpuscle
- Fenestrated capillaries in podocytes allow the filtration
- Restricted filtration so RBCs and large anionic proteins can't leave/be filtered
out
- filtrate contains lots of good stuff that needs to be reabsorbed in tubular
system
filtrate from the glomerulus
contains water, glucose, amino acids, ions, urea, hormones, vitamins B and C,
ketones, very small amounts of protein
Bowman's Capsule
surrounds the glomerulus in a double layer of epithelia
- Parietal layer = simple squamous epithelium
- visceral layer = specialized epithelial cells = podocytes
,podocytes
specialized epithelial cells in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap
around capillaries of the glomerulus
- have Extensions and filtration slits for exchange
proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
1st segment of the nephron between the glomerular capsule and the nephron
loop
- brush border, cuboidal to lower columnar epithelium
- functions as reabsorption of water, glucose, amino acids, sodium
back into bloodstream; most substances filtered at glomerulus
are reabsorbed
- Secretes drugs and toxins from blood back into filtrate
- site of the most reabsorption
loop of henle
Main function - concentration gradient for filtrate processing
- In between proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule
- composed of 3 segments: thin descending limb, thin ascending limb,
and thick ascending limb
- Filtrate entering the descending limb becomes progressively more
concentrated as it loses water which leads to an increase in osmotic
pressure
- Extra ions taken out in ascending limb by sending some to blood stream and
some to adjacent tissue → osmotic pressure levels out and filtrate becomes
hyperosmotic
- example of "countercurrent exchange" between blood in vasa recta and filtrate
in loop
,vasa recta
the capillary system in the kidney that serves the loop of Henle
- blood source from efferent arteriole
- Comes in normal, increases in ions by absorbing ions sent out by ascending limb
- Blood becomes highly ion concentrated, but dilutes by absorbing water
ejected from descending limb
thin descending limb
simple squamous epithelium
- permeable to water, impermeable to solutes
thin ascending limb
simple squamous epithelium
- highly permeable to Na+ and Cl-, moderately permeable to urea, and almost
completely impermeable to water
, thick ascending limb
simple cuboidal epithelium
- pumps out Na+, K+, and Cl- = filtrate becomes hyperosmotic
- also called distal straight tubule
distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
simple cuboidal epithelium, NO brush border
- segment of the nephron between the nephron loop and the collecting duct
Function - ion transport and reabsorption of water (regulated by ADH) and
Na+ (regulated by aldosterone)
collecting duct
A segment of the nephron that returns water from the filtrate to the bloodstream
collecting tubules and ducts
Tubule system that collects tubular filtrate from the DCT and carries it to the renal
pelvis
- Simple cuboidal epithelium in smaller ducts → becomes a columnar
epithelium as ducts increase in size
- function = maintain osmotic equilibrium; urine concentrating
- 2 types of cells:
1. Principal cells for ion transport
2. intercalated cells for acid-base balance
-Reabsorption of water is under control of ADH
