NURS 5463: EXAM 4 STUDY GUIDE | 112 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
100% Correct 112
Incorrect 0
1 of
112
Definition
Infective endocarditis Chest trauma
Ascending aortic dissection (type A dissection)
Bioprosthetic valve Degenerative disease Congenital
bicuspid valves Rheumatic fever
Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis
Syphilis
,Crohn disease
Appetite-suppressing drugs
Give this one a try later!
Aortic Regurgitation: Causes Aortic Regurgitation: Exam Findings
Aortic Regurgitation: Treatment Aortic Stenosis: Treatment
Don't know?
2 of 112
Term
What are the causes of systolic heart failure?
Give this one a try later!
It occurs when the heart's left ventricle becomes stiff and does not relax
properly, leading to impaired filling of the heart with blood.
- CAD
- HTN
- Dilated cardiomyopathy:
- Valve diseases: (AS, AR, MS, MR)
- Arrhythmias
- Myocarditis:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol use,
- Drug use (e.g., cocaine).
, It occurs when the heart's left ventricle loses its ability to contract effectively
which impairs the heart's ability to pump blood to meet the body's needs.
- Avoid heavy lifting
- Avoid the extremes of shoulder movement; 6-8 weeks
- Instruction over s/s of infection.
- Fever > 100.4
- New or worsened pain in the chest or around the incision, reddened skin,
bleeding or pus-like drainage from the incision, then they should contact
their provider immediately.
Don't know?
3 of 112
Definition
Janeway lesions:Non-tender, erythematous macules on palms and
soles.Indicative of septic emboli.
Osler nodes:Painful, red or purple nodules on fingers or toes
(immune complex deposition).
Roth spots:Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, seen on
fundoscopic examination.
Splinter hemorrhages:Small, linear hemorrhages under the nails.
Petechiae:Small, pinpoint hemorrhages, often on the conjunctiva,
oral mucosa, or extremities.
Clubbing (in chronic cases): Swelling of fingertips.
Give this one a try later!
Cardiac Ischemia on EKG: Septal Peripheral Finding of
Wall Endocarditis
, Pericarditis Ejection Fraction in Systolic Heart
Failure
Don't know?
4 of 112
Term
How do you risk stratify Afib?
Give this one a try later!
- If patients have a persistent hypercapnia, then you can increase the IPAP by
2 cm H2O. This would allow an increase in tidal volume, so the patient is able
to blow off more CO2
- If patients have a persistent hypoxemia, then you can increase the IPAP
and/or EPAP by 2 cm H2O. The max EPAP is 10-15 cm H2O.
ST segment elevation
New LBBB
Transient ST segment elevation
Winter Sign
- A 1 to 3 mm upsloping
- Tall, positive, and symmetrical T waves
- Non-widened or only slightly widened QRS complexes
- No precordial R wave progression
- Reciprocal 1-2-mm ST elevation in lead aVR
CHADs2-Vasc score
0 = low risk (anticoags are not recommended)
1 = low-moderate risk (consider anticoags and/or anti-platelet therapy)
> 2 = moderate-high risk (anticoags are recommended)
AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
100% Correct 112
Incorrect 0
1 of
112
Definition
Infective endocarditis Chest trauma
Ascending aortic dissection (type A dissection)
Bioprosthetic valve Degenerative disease Congenital
bicuspid valves Rheumatic fever
Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis
Syphilis
,Crohn disease
Appetite-suppressing drugs
Give this one a try later!
Aortic Regurgitation: Causes Aortic Regurgitation: Exam Findings
Aortic Regurgitation: Treatment Aortic Stenosis: Treatment
Don't know?
2 of 112
Term
What are the causes of systolic heart failure?
Give this one a try later!
It occurs when the heart's left ventricle becomes stiff and does not relax
properly, leading to impaired filling of the heart with blood.
- CAD
- HTN
- Dilated cardiomyopathy:
- Valve diseases: (AS, AR, MS, MR)
- Arrhythmias
- Myocarditis:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol use,
- Drug use (e.g., cocaine).
, It occurs when the heart's left ventricle loses its ability to contract effectively
which impairs the heart's ability to pump blood to meet the body's needs.
- Avoid heavy lifting
- Avoid the extremes of shoulder movement; 6-8 weeks
- Instruction over s/s of infection.
- Fever > 100.4
- New or worsened pain in the chest or around the incision, reddened skin,
bleeding or pus-like drainage from the incision, then they should contact
their provider immediately.
Don't know?
3 of 112
Definition
Janeway lesions:Non-tender, erythematous macules on palms and
soles.Indicative of septic emboli.
Osler nodes:Painful, red or purple nodules on fingers or toes
(immune complex deposition).
Roth spots:Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers, seen on
fundoscopic examination.
Splinter hemorrhages:Small, linear hemorrhages under the nails.
Petechiae:Small, pinpoint hemorrhages, often on the conjunctiva,
oral mucosa, or extremities.
Clubbing (in chronic cases): Swelling of fingertips.
Give this one a try later!
Cardiac Ischemia on EKG: Septal Peripheral Finding of
Wall Endocarditis
, Pericarditis Ejection Fraction in Systolic Heart
Failure
Don't know?
4 of 112
Term
How do you risk stratify Afib?
Give this one a try later!
- If patients have a persistent hypercapnia, then you can increase the IPAP by
2 cm H2O. This would allow an increase in tidal volume, so the patient is able
to blow off more CO2
- If patients have a persistent hypoxemia, then you can increase the IPAP
and/or EPAP by 2 cm H2O. The max EPAP is 10-15 cm H2O.
ST segment elevation
New LBBB
Transient ST segment elevation
Winter Sign
- A 1 to 3 mm upsloping
- Tall, positive, and symmetrical T waves
- Non-widened or only slightly widened QRS complexes
- No precordial R wave progression
- Reciprocal 1-2-mm ST elevation in lead aVR
CHADs2-Vasc score
0 = low risk (anticoags are not recommended)
1 = low-moderate risk (consider anticoags and/or anti-platelet therapy)
> 2 = moderate-high risk (anticoags are recommended)
