Abdomen ARDMS _ MOCK exam || 100% Errorless Answers.
Progression of which of the following abnormalities flattens the portal veins? correct answers
Biliary obstruction
The wall thickness in a normal fasting gallbladder should not exceed correct answers 3 mm
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following abnormalities?
correct answers Pseudoaneurysm
This color Doppler image demonstrates turbulent swirling blood flow within a fluid collection,
classic sonographic findings of a common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.
A patient presents with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound demonstrates
prominence in the stomach rugae. These findings are most suspicious for which of the following
conditions? correct answers Gastritis
Prominence of the stomach rugae in a patient with upper abdominal pain is most suspicious for
gastritis. Hypervascular, thick gastric walls are sonographic findings associated with gastric
ulcers.
Which of the following is a complication of acute pancreatitis? correct answers Duodenal
obstruction
Complications of acute pancreatitis may include abscess formation, duodenal obstruction,
hemorrhage, phlegmon, and pseudocyst formation. Cholecystitis is a possible etiology of acute
pancreatitis.
A patient presents with a history of hematuria. The findings in this duplex image are most
suspicious for which of the following pathologies? correct answers Carcinoma
A vascular echogenic mass is identified protruding from the posterior wall of the urinary bladder.
Bladder carcinoma commonly presents with a history of painless hematuria. Based on the
clinical history, the sonographic findings are suspicious for a malignant mass.
A sagittal sonogram medial to the porta hepatis is demonstrating which of the following
abnormalities? correct answers Dilated common bile duct
A hypoechoic mass identified by the calipers is obstructing the common bile duct resulting in
dilatation. The mass is most likely a malignancy in the head of the pancreas.
The pathology in this sonogram is most likely a/an correct answers Pseudocyst
A complex fluid collection is identified posterior to the tail of the pancreas. This is most likely a
pancreatic pseudocyst. Phlegmons and islet cell tumors appear as hypoechoic masses on
,ultrasound. A pancreatic hemorrhage is a differential consideration but not the most likely
pathology.
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this transverse sonogram? correct
answers Stones in the duct of Wirsung
Multiple stones are located in main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung).
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism? correct answers Muscle
cramps
Muscles cramping is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Other symptoms may include weight gain,
mental and physical lethargy, arthritis, skin dryness, feeling cold, slow metabolic rate, and
decreased heart rate. Symptoms commonly associated with hyperthyroidism include weight loss,
palpitations, nervousness, exophthalmos, constant hunger, tremors, increased heart rate, and
intolerance to heat.
A 20-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass. The sonographic findings are
most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? correct answers Malignant neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis in a young adult demonstrating a hypoechoic
intratesticular mass. The patient is afebrile excluding a testicular abscess from the differential
considerations.
A patient presents with a history of a palpable neck mass. Which of the following terms best
describes the sonographic findings? correct answers Heterogeneous thyroid gland
The sonographer's technical report should describe the right thyroid lobe as demonstrating an
irregular and heterogeneous echo texture.
A patient presents with a history of cirrhosis. The arrows are identifying the correct answers
coronary ligament
A hyperechoic linear structure is identified dividing the right subphrenic space from the
subhepatic space. This is consistent with the right coronary ligament. The right coronary
ligament serves as a barrier between these two peritoneal spaces.
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following abnormalities?
correct answers Patent umbilical vein
The sonogram is demonstrating a patent paraumbilical vein. Note the liver parenchyma of the
left lobe superior to the patent umbilical vein. Gastric varices are generally located to the left of
midline.
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following pathologies? correct answers
Portal hypertension
,Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in cases of portal hypertension.
A duplex image of the splenic vein is demonstrating correct answers retrograde flow.
That's correct! The splenic vein normally flows toward the transducer, displaying a waveform
above the baseline (antegrade). In this case, the blood is flowing away from the transducer back
toward the spleen (retrograde).
Which of the following structures separates the subphrenic space into two compartments? correct
answers Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament divides the subphrenic space into right and left compartments. The left
coronary ligament suspends the left lobe of the liver from the diaphragm.
An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of elevated liver function tests. Based on this
clinical history, the sonogram most likely demonstrates correct answers fatty infiltration
Fatty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient demonstrating diffusely
echogenic liver parenchyma. In addition, the portal veins are still clearly visible, consistent with
fatty infiltration.
The subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac through the foramen of correct answers
Winslow
The foramen of Winslow allows communication between the subhepatic space and lesser sac.
Which vascular structure courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the
abdominal aorta? correct answers Left renal vein
The left renal vein courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the
abdominal aorta.
The celiac axis is located at correct answers superior to the body of the pancreas
The celiac axis is located superior to the body of the pancreas, superior mesenteric artery, and
splenic vein; posterior to the left gastric vein; inferior to the gastroesophageal junction.
A postsurgical patient presents with abdominal tenderness and leukocytosis. A sonogram
demonstrates a superficial, ill-defined mass beneath the surgical incision. Based on the clinical
history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for correct answers abscess
An ill-defined superficial mass beneath a recent surgical incision in a patient with leukocytosis
most likely represents a postsurgical abscess.
Secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone is controlled by the correct answers pituitary gland
, The anterior pituitary gland controls secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
The coronary vein enters the venous system near the correct answers superior border of the
portosplenic confluence
The coronary vein enters the superior border of the portosplenic confluence and may be a
collateral source in cases of portal hypertension. The inferior mesenteric vein enters the inferior
border of the portosplenic confluence.
A complication generally occurring within days of a renal transplant is correct answers renal vein
thrombosis
Renal vein thrombosis generally occurs within days of a renal transplant. Renal artery stenosis
typically occurs months to years after transplantation.
The sonogram is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? correct answers
Varicocele
Multiple anechoic tubular structures are identified posterior to the left testicle, most suspicious
for a varicocele. Duplex imaging of these tubular structures should be included in this
examination.
The solitary echogenic focus most likely represents a(n) correct answers floating gallstone
Multiple small stones are present in the dependent portion of the gallbladder. The solitary focus
most likely represents a floating gallstone.
Clinical findings associated with an ileus may include all of the following EXCEPT correct
answers hyperactive bowel sounds
Clinical findings in cases of ileus or bowel obstruction may include absent or hypoechoic bowel
sounds, fever, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
A cake kidney is generally located in which of the following regions? correct answers Pelvis
A cake kidney is a variant of a horseshoe kidney. The entire medial aspects of the kidneys are
fused. A cake kidney is typically located in the pelvis.
Focal dilatation of the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta describes a correct answers saccular
aneurysm
Focal outpouching of one arterial wall is characteristic of a saccular aneurysm. They are often a
result of trauma or infection.
Progression of which of the following abnormalities flattens the portal veins? correct answers
Biliary obstruction
The wall thickness in a normal fasting gallbladder should not exceed correct answers 3 mm
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following abnormalities?
correct answers Pseudoaneurysm
This color Doppler image demonstrates turbulent swirling blood flow within a fluid collection,
classic sonographic findings of a common femoral artery pseudoaneurysm.
A patient presents with sudden onset of upper abdominal pain. Ultrasound demonstrates
prominence in the stomach rugae. These findings are most suspicious for which of the following
conditions? correct answers Gastritis
Prominence of the stomach rugae in a patient with upper abdominal pain is most suspicious for
gastritis. Hypervascular, thick gastric walls are sonographic findings associated with gastric
ulcers.
Which of the following is a complication of acute pancreatitis? correct answers Duodenal
obstruction
Complications of acute pancreatitis may include abscess formation, duodenal obstruction,
hemorrhage, phlegmon, and pseudocyst formation. Cholecystitis is a possible etiology of acute
pancreatitis.
A patient presents with a history of hematuria. The findings in this duplex image are most
suspicious for which of the following pathologies? correct answers Carcinoma
A vascular echogenic mass is identified protruding from the posterior wall of the urinary bladder.
Bladder carcinoma commonly presents with a history of painless hematuria. Based on the
clinical history, the sonographic findings are suspicious for a malignant mass.
A sagittal sonogram medial to the porta hepatis is demonstrating which of the following
abnormalities? correct answers Dilated common bile duct
A hypoechoic mass identified by the calipers is obstructing the common bile duct resulting in
dilatation. The mass is most likely a malignancy in the head of the pancreas.
The pathology in this sonogram is most likely a/an correct answers Pseudocyst
A complex fluid collection is identified posterior to the tail of the pancreas. This is most likely a
pancreatic pseudocyst. Phlegmons and islet cell tumors appear as hypoechoic masses on
,ultrasound. A pancreatic hemorrhage is a differential consideration but not the most likely
pathology.
Which of the following abnormalities is demonstrated in this transverse sonogram? correct
answers Stones in the duct of Wirsung
Multiple stones are located in main pancreatic duct (duct of Wirsung).
Which of the following is a clinical symptom of hypothyroidism? correct answers Muscle
cramps
Muscles cramping is a symptom of hypothyroidism. Other symptoms may include weight gain,
mental and physical lethargy, arthritis, skin dryness, feeling cold, slow metabolic rate, and
decreased heart rate. Symptoms commonly associated with hyperthyroidism include weight loss,
palpitations, nervousness, exophthalmos, constant hunger, tremors, increased heart rate, and
intolerance to heat.
A 20-year-old patient presents with a palpable left scrotal mass. The sonographic findings are
most suspicious for which of the following pathologies? correct answers Malignant neoplasm
A malignant neoplasm is the most likely diagnosis in a young adult demonstrating a hypoechoic
intratesticular mass. The patient is afebrile excluding a testicular abscess from the differential
considerations.
A patient presents with a history of a palpable neck mass. Which of the following terms best
describes the sonographic findings? correct answers Heterogeneous thyroid gland
The sonographer's technical report should describe the right thyroid lobe as demonstrating an
irregular and heterogeneous echo texture.
A patient presents with a history of cirrhosis. The arrows are identifying the correct answers
coronary ligament
A hyperechoic linear structure is identified dividing the right subphrenic space from the
subhepatic space. This is consistent with the right coronary ligament. The right coronary
ligament serves as a barrier between these two peritoneal spaces.
This color Doppler sonogram is most likely demonstrating which of the following abnormalities?
correct answers Patent umbilical vein
The sonogram is demonstrating a patent paraumbilical vein. Note the liver parenchyma of the
left lobe superior to the patent umbilical vein. Gastric varices are generally located to the left of
midline.
Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which of the following pathologies? correct answers
Portal hypertension
,Splenomegaly is a consistent finding in cases of portal hypertension.
A duplex image of the splenic vein is demonstrating correct answers retrograde flow.
That's correct! The splenic vein normally flows toward the transducer, displaying a waveform
above the baseline (antegrade). In this case, the blood is flowing away from the transducer back
toward the spleen (retrograde).
Which of the following structures separates the subphrenic space into two compartments? correct
answers Falciform ligament
The falciform ligament divides the subphrenic space into right and left compartments. The left
coronary ligament suspends the left lobe of the liver from the diaphragm.
An asymptomatic patient presents with a history of elevated liver function tests. Based on this
clinical history, the sonogram most likely demonstrates correct answers fatty infiltration
Fatty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in an asymptomatic patient demonstrating diffusely
echogenic liver parenchyma. In addition, the portal veins are still clearly visible, consistent with
fatty infiltration.
The subhepatic space communicates with the lesser sac through the foramen of correct answers
Winslow
The foramen of Winslow allows communication between the subhepatic space and lesser sac.
Which vascular structure courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the
abdominal aorta? correct answers Left renal vein
The left renal vein courses posterior to the superior mesenteric artery and anterior to the
abdominal aorta.
The celiac axis is located at correct answers superior to the body of the pancreas
The celiac axis is located superior to the body of the pancreas, superior mesenteric artery, and
splenic vein; posterior to the left gastric vein; inferior to the gastroesophageal junction.
A postsurgical patient presents with abdominal tenderness and leukocytosis. A sonogram
demonstrates a superficial, ill-defined mass beneath the surgical incision. Based on the clinical
history, the sonographic findings are most suspicious for correct answers abscess
An ill-defined superficial mass beneath a recent surgical incision in a patient with leukocytosis
most likely represents a postsurgical abscess.
Secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone is controlled by the correct answers pituitary gland
, The anterior pituitary gland controls secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
The coronary vein enters the venous system near the correct answers superior border of the
portosplenic confluence
The coronary vein enters the superior border of the portosplenic confluence and may be a
collateral source in cases of portal hypertension. The inferior mesenteric vein enters the inferior
border of the portosplenic confluence.
A complication generally occurring within days of a renal transplant is correct answers renal vein
thrombosis
Renal vein thrombosis generally occurs within days of a renal transplant. Renal artery stenosis
typically occurs months to years after transplantation.
The sonogram is most suspicious for which of the following abnormalities? correct answers
Varicocele
Multiple anechoic tubular structures are identified posterior to the left testicle, most suspicious
for a varicocele. Duplex imaging of these tubular structures should be included in this
examination.
The solitary echogenic focus most likely represents a(n) correct answers floating gallstone
Multiple small stones are present in the dependent portion of the gallbladder. The solitary focus
most likely represents a floating gallstone.
Clinical findings associated with an ileus may include all of the following EXCEPT correct
answers hyperactive bowel sounds
Clinical findings in cases of ileus or bowel obstruction may include absent or hypoechoic bowel
sounds, fever, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting.
A cake kidney is generally located in which of the following regions? correct answers Pelvis
A cake kidney is a variant of a horseshoe kidney. The entire medial aspects of the kidneys are
fused. A cake kidney is typically located in the pelvis.
Focal dilatation of the anterior wall of the abdominal aorta describes a correct answers saccular
aneurysm
Focal outpouching of one arterial wall is characteristic of a saccular aneurysm. They are often a
result of trauma or infection.
