NURS 6101 Differential Diagnosis Test 1 Questions With
Complete Solutions
Alveolar Infiltrate
Fluffy white clouds in alveoli indicating fluid, seen in
pulmonary edema
Interstitial Infiltrates
Small, well-defined reticular (net like) nodules and opacities due
to fibrosis, fluid, or inflammatory biproducts
Consolidation
Result of alveolar air replacement by substances like pus or
blood
interstitial lung disease
discrete and homogenous. No air bronchograms, reticular lines
or nodules, or curly be lines.
Homogenous
not uniform in character content
ILD conditions
Cancer, sarcoidosis, CF, asbestosis
Diffuse Lung Patterns
Involve both alveolar and interstitial spaces, pulmonary edema,
ARDs, atelectasis (volume loss), PNA (no volume loss)
Consolidated lung patterns
,ill-defined homogeneous opacity obscuring vessels, silhouette
sign, air bronchogram, no volume loss, extends to plural or
fissure but doesn't cross.
Consolidated lung conditions
TB, plural effusion, adenopathy, focal and patchy air space with
cotton wool shadows of the lower lobes.
Nodal Calcification
Calcifications in lung nodules, found in posterior upper lobes
and superior lower lobes
Abscess
Thick-walled cavity with fluid, seen in lung infections
Cavitation
Carcinoma, thick wall, nodule inner margin
TB xray
thin walled with no air fluid level
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Shows honeycombing cysts and thickening in lung tissue
Benign lung cyst
Uniform wall thickness about 1mm in a smooth inner lining
Indeterminate Cavities
5-15mm mild irregular lining
Emphysema
, diffuse hyperinflation, hemi diaphragm increased retrocecal
space, boule, narrowed trachea, and diaphragm flattening
Mass Lesion
Homogeneous opacity with sharp margins, round, crosses over
fissures
Mediastinum
Chest to thoracic ratio is 1:2. Heart should be no more than 1/2
the width of the chest
Histoplasmosis
calcifications are not sharply defined (non-cancerous)
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart, with C/T ratio >1:2.
Pulmonary Function Testing
Quantifiable and repeatable lung function measurement for
disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Vital Capacity
Max volume exhaled after max inhalation.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Air volume in chest after normal exhalaltion.
Residual Volume
Air left in chest after maximal exhalation. Forced, keep aveoli
open
Complete Solutions
Alveolar Infiltrate
Fluffy white clouds in alveoli indicating fluid, seen in
pulmonary edema
Interstitial Infiltrates
Small, well-defined reticular (net like) nodules and opacities due
to fibrosis, fluid, or inflammatory biproducts
Consolidation
Result of alveolar air replacement by substances like pus or
blood
interstitial lung disease
discrete and homogenous. No air bronchograms, reticular lines
or nodules, or curly be lines.
Homogenous
not uniform in character content
ILD conditions
Cancer, sarcoidosis, CF, asbestosis
Diffuse Lung Patterns
Involve both alveolar and interstitial spaces, pulmonary edema,
ARDs, atelectasis (volume loss), PNA (no volume loss)
Consolidated lung patterns
,ill-defined homogeneous opacity obscuring vessels, silhouette
sign, air bronchogram, no volume loss, extends to plural or
fissure but doesn't cross.
Consolidated lung conditions
TB, plural effusion, adenopathy, focal and patchy air space with
cotton wool shadows of the lower lobes.
Nodal Calcification
Calcifications in lung nodules, found in posterior upper lobes
and superior lower lobes
Abscess
Thick-walled cavity with fluid, seen in lung infections
Cavitation
Carcinoma, thick wall, nodule inner margin
TB xray
thin walled with no air fluid level
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Shows honeycombing cysts and thickening in lung tissue
Benign lung cyst
Uniform wall thickness about 1mm in a smooth inner lining
Indeterminate Cavities
5-15mm mild irregular lining
Emphysema
, diffuse hyperinflation, hemi diaphragm increased retrocecal
space, boule, narrowed trachea, and diaphragm flattening
Mass Lesion
Homogeneous opacity with sharp margins, round, crosses over
fissures
Mediastinum
Chest to thoracic ratio is 1:2. Heart should be no more than 1/2
the width of the chest
Histoplasmosis
calcifications are not sharply defined (non-cancerous)
Cardiomegaly
Enlarged heart, with C/T ratio >1:2.
Pulmonary Function Testing
Quantifiable and repeatable lung function measurement for
disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Vital Capacity
Max volume exhaled after max inhalation.
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Air volume in chest after normal exhalaltion.
Residual Volume
Air left in chest after maximal exhalation. Forced, keep aveoli
open
