Sampling Techniques – Probability &
Non-Probability Methods
Complete Exam Guide + MCQs with Answers
Page 1: Introduction to Sampling
What is Sampling?
Sampling is the process of selecting a subset (sample) from a larger group (population) to draw
conclusions about the entire population.
Instead of studying the whole population, researchers study a smaller representative group.
Key Terms
Population – Entire group under study
Sample – Subset of the population
Sampling Frame – List of all population members
Parameter – Characteristic of population
Statistic – Characteristic of sample
Why Sampling is Used ?
Saves time
Reduces cost
Easier data collection
Practical for large populations
Exam Question
Q1. Define sampling and explain why it is used in research
Page 2: Census vs Sampling
Census Method
Study of entire population.
, Advantages
● High accuracy
● Complete data
Disadvantages
● Expensive
● Time consuming
Sampling Method
Study of selected units only.
Advantages
● Cost-effective
● Faster
● Practical
Disadvantages
● Sampling error posTable
Comparison Table
Census Sampling
Entire population Selected group
More costly Less costly
Time-consuming Quick
Exam Question
Q2. Differentiate between census and sampling method.
Page 3: Types of Sampling
Sampling is divided into:
Non-Probability Methods
Complete Exam Guide + MCQs with Answers
Page 1: Introduction to Sampling
What is Sampling?
Sampling is the process of selecting a subset (sample) from a larger group (population) to draw
conclusions about the entire population.
Instead of studying the whole population, researchers study a smaller representative group.
Key Terms
Population – Entire group under study
Sample – Subset of the population
Sampling Frame – List of all population members
Parameter – Characteristic of population
Statistic – Characteristic of sample
Why Sampling is Used ?
Saves time
Reduces cost
Easier data collection
Practical for large populations
Exam Question
Q1. Define sampling and explain why it is used in research
Page 2: Census vs Sampling
Census Method
Study of entire population.
, Advantages
● High accuracy
● Complete data
Disadvantages
● Expensive
● Time consuming
Sampling Method
Study of selected units only.
Advantages
● Cost-effective
● Faster
● Practical
Disadvantages
● Sampling error posTable
Comparison Table
Census Sampling
Entire population Selected group
More costly Less costly
Time-consuming Quick
Exam Question
Q2. Differentiate between census and sampling method.
Page 3: Types of Sampling
Sampling is divided into:
