POLI 2051 - Chapters 1-5 Hogan Exam (Definitions and Practice Questions with answers)

POLI 2051 - Chapters 1-5 Hogan Exam (Definitions and
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Practice Questions with answers) || || ||




Government

The institutions through which public policies are made for society
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National governments throughout the world perform what functions...
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Maintain a national defense, provide public goods and services, preserve order and
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protect society, socialize the young, and collect taxes
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Politics

The process determining the leaders we select and the policies they pursue ------> who
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gets what, when, and how
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Political Participation ||




All activities by which citizens attempt to influence the selection of political leaders
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and the policies they pursue
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Single-Issue Groups ||




Groups so concerned with one issue that they often cast their votes on the basis of
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that issue only, ignoring a politicians stand on everything else
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,Policymaking System ||




Process by which policy comes into being and evolves. Peoples interests, problems,
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and concerns create political issues for government policymakers. These issues shape
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policy, which impacts people, generating more interests, problems and concerns
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Linkage Institutions ||




Political channels through which peoples concerns become political issues on the
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policy agenda. Includes elections, political parties, interest groups, and media
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Policy agenda ||




The issues that attract the serious attention of public officials and other people
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involved in politics at the time
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Political issue ||




Issue that arises when people disagree about a problem and how to fix it
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Policymaking institutions ||




The branches of government charged with taking action on political issues
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Public policy ||

,A choice that government makes in response to a political issue. A policy is a course of
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action taken with regard to some problem.
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Policy impacts ||




Effects a policy has on people and problems. Impacts are analyzed to see how well a
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policy has met its goal and at what cost
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Democracy

A system of selecting policymakers and of organizing government so that policy
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represents and responds to the public preferences
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The 5 key principles that Robert Dahl suggests ideal in the democratic process...
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Equality in voting, effective participation, enlightened understanding, citizen control of
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the agenda, inclusion
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Enlightened understanding ||




A democratic society must be a marketplace of ideas. A free speech and free press are
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essential to civil understanding. If one group monopolizes and distorts information,
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citizens cannot truly understand issues.
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Democracies must follow a... || || ||




Majority rules ||

, In politics representation means...
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The desires of the people should be replicated in government through the choices of
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elected officials ||




The Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy
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Pluralism, elitism, and hyperpluralism
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Pluralism

Policymakers process is open to the participation of all groups with shared interests,
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with no single group usually dominating (each group has a give and take)
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Elitism

Society divided among class lines, the wealthy are in control and have a larger say
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Hyperpluralism

Groups big and small have so many opinions that the government is unable to make
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decisions that are in the best interest of the public. Results in a fragmented
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government and muddied policies || || ||




5 Challenges to Democracy
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