SLP 5008: Final Exam Study Guide E x a m | | M o s t R e c e n t
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ABDOMINAL FIXATION
The process of impounding air in the thorax to stabilize the torso; the process of
capturing air within the thorax to provide the muscles with the structure on
which to push or pull
Abdominal fixation key notes
- The laryngeal movements in this effortful closure are one form of the
Valsalva maneuver
- The preparatory steps for thorax/abdomen fixation are similar to that for
the couch: Take in a large inspiratory charge, followed by tight adduction
of the vocal folds
- The effect is for the thorax to become a relatively rigid frame, so the forces
applied for lifting are translated to the legs
- IF the thorax is not fixed, those forces will act on the thorax instead,
causing the rib cage to be depressed
- you may wonder why you tend to grunt when lifting heavy objects or pushing
your car
--> all the components required for phonation are present. You are using a force
that would cause expiration at the same time as your vocal folds are abducted.
With
sufficient effort, some air escapes through the adducted vocal folds, and you
grunt
- This plays an important role in childbirth, defecation, and vomiting
,Abduction dilates the
larynx, an important function for respiration during physical exertion
During normal, quiet respiration, the vocal folds are abducted to provide a
width of about
8 mm in the adult
During forced respiration, the need for air causes you to
dilate (open) the respiratory tract as widely as possible, doubling that width
Reflexes are
voluntary, although can come under some voluntary control (e.g., you can hold
your breath or stifle a yawn)
- we must eventually breathe, which requires reflexively abducting the vocal folds
- In case of drowning and near drowning, the victim may attempt to maintain
adducted vocal folds, but must eventually attempt to breathe despite all logic
that militates against it
- Similarly, individuals rapidly immersed in cold water reflexively gasp for air;
the ability to inhibit this reflex is significantly reduced by alcohol consumption
(a fact that explains one of the risk of combining drinking and boating)
SWALLOWING
During normal deglutition, a bolus (a mass of chewed food formed into a ball in
preparation for swallowing) triggers a swallowing reflex as it passes into the
region behind the tongue and above the larynx
, Swallowing key notes
- When the reflex is triggered, the larynx elevates, and the epiglottis
(attached to the root of the tongue) drops down over the aditus
- The aryepiglottic folds tense by the action and the aryepiglottic muscle, and
the vocal folds, are adducted
MEMBRANES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LARYNX
Thyrohyoid Membrane
stretches across the space between the greater cornu of the hyoid and the
lateral thyroid
Lateral Thyrohyoid Ligament
Posterior to the thyrohyoid membrane, it runs from the superior cornu of the
thyroid to the posterior tip of the greater cornu hyoid
Titiceal Cartilage (Tritiate cargilate)
May or may not be found near the lateral thyrohyoid ligament, as it is present in
only 33% of the population
Median Tyorohyoid Ligament
In front, running from the corpus hyoid to the upper border of the anterior
thyroid
Questions And Correct Answers (Verified
Answers) Already Graded A+ |
Guaranteed Success!! Newest Exam |
Just Released!! 2026-2027
ABDOMINAL FIXATION
The process of impounding air in the thorax to stabilize the torso; the process of
capturing air within the thorax to provide the muscles with the structure on
which to push or pull
Abdominal fixation key notes
- The laryngeal movements in this effortful closure are one form of the
Valsalva maneuver
- The preparatory steps for thorax/abdomen fixation are similar to that for
the couch: Take in a large inspiratory charge, followed by tight adduction
of the vocal folds
- The effect is for the thorax to become a relatively rigid frame, so the forces
applied for lifting are translated to the legs
- IF the thorax is not fixed, those forces will act on the thorax instead,
causing the rib cage to be depressed
- you may wonder why you tend to grunt when lifting heavy objects or pushing
your car
--> all the components required for phonation are present. You are using a force
that would cause expiration at the same time as your vocal folds are abducted.
With
sufficient effort, some air escapes through the adducted vocal folds, and you
grunt
- This plays an important role in childbirth, defecation, and vomiting
,Abduction dilates the
larynx, an important function for respiration during physical exertion
During normal, quiet respiration, the vocal folds are abducted to provide a
width of about
8 mm in the adult
During forced respiration, the need for air causes you to
dilate (open) the respiratory tract as widely as possible, doubling that width
Reflexes are
voluntary, although can come under some voluntary control (e.g., you can hold
your breath or stifle a yawn)
- we must eventually breathe, which requires reflexively abducting the vocal folds
- In case of drowning and near drowning, the victim may attempt to maintain
adducted vocal folds, but must eventually attempt to breathe despite all logic
that militates against it
- Similarly, individuals rapidly immersed in cold water reflexively gasp for air;
the ability to inhibit this reflex is significantly reduced by alcohol consumption
(a fact that explains one of the risk of combining drinking and boating)
SWALLOWING
During normal deglutition, a bolus (a mass of chewed food formed into a ball in
preparation for swallowing) triggers a swallowing reflex as it passes into the
region behind the tongue and above the larynx
, Swallowing key notes
- When the reflex is triggered, the larynx elevates, and the epiglottis
(attached to the root of the tongue) drops down over the aditus
- The aryepiglottic folds tense by the action and the aryepiglottic muscle, and
the vocal folds, are adducted
MEMBRANES ASSOCIATED WITH THE LARYNX
Thyrohyoid Membrane
stretches across the space between the greater cornu of the hyoid and the
lateral thyroid
Lateral Thyrohyoid Ligament
Posterior to the thyrohyoid membrane, it runs from the superior cornu of the
thyroid to the posterior tip of the greater cornu hyoid
Titiceal Cartilage (Tritiate cargilate)
May or may not be found near the lateral thyrohyoid ligament, as it is present in
only 33% of the population
Median Tyorohyoid Ligament
In front, running from the corpus hyoid to the upper border of the anterior
thyroid
