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delay vs disorder
delay: not meeting milestones on time, may look like typical development at
an earlier age
-developmental delay (DD): delayed in one or more areas of speech/language,
motor, social/emotional, cognitive, adaptive, etc.
-global DD: delayed in all areas of development > often results in a larger
diagnosis of intellectual impairment
-most delays are not outgrown
disorder/imp airment:
-result from differences in body structures/functions
-milestones are met late or in a different order than expected
-lead to activity limitations and participation restrictions
,ICF components (WHO)
body structures & functions
activities & participation:
-capacity
-performance
contextual factors (personal & environmental):
-barriers
-facilitators
interactions of concepts (ICF model)
health condition
diagnosis: communication
disorder etiology : cause
ex:
-hearing loss > S/N loss, presbycusis, NIHL, ototoxic drugs
-language disorder > stroke/TBI, fetal alcohol syndrome
-speech disorder > cleft lip/palate, tongue tie, motor planning disorders
(apraxia)
=nonverbal: global aphasia, cerebral palsy, down syndrome, autism
,body functions & structures (ICF model)
-mental functions > structures of the nervous system
-sensory functions > the eye, ear, and related structures
-voice and speech functions > structures involved in voice and speech
-neuromusculoskeletal and movement-related functions > structures
related to movement
nature of the disorder
describing the nature of a language disorder:
-phonology, morphosyntax, semantics, pragmatics
-form, content, use
-the 5 domains of language apply to both receptive and expressive language
activities and participation: functional use
1. learning and applying knowledge
2. general tasks and demands
3. communication
4. movement
5. self-care
6. domestic life areas
7. interpersonal interactions
8. major life areas
9. community, social, & civic life
activity limitation
how the body's structures/functions limit specific tasks
-not taking turns in a conversation
-not producing past tense -ed in a conversation
, participation restriction
how task limitations have a broader impact on an individual's life (social
implications)
-difficulty making and keeping friends
-difficulty communicating timing of events > confusing communicative partners
activity > participation
activity: smaller things, task itself
participation: impact from "failing" a task, the consequence
-difficulty taking turns in conversation > lack of social relationships
-dysfluencies at the start of a phone call > others hang up on the person,
leading to no use of phone
-incorrect production of /r,l/ in one's own name > other children make fun of the
speech impairment
personal factors
not changeable
1. age
2. gender
3. coping
4. social background
5. health condition
6. education
7. profession
8. character-style