MED-SURG HESI PN NEWEST 2026 COMPLETE 100+
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
ALREADY GRADED A+
A client with cirrhosis is being discharged home, with family members to provide
the majority of the client's care. Which instructions are important to reinforce
with the family regarding this client's care? (Select all that apply.)
a. Maintain a low-fiber diet.
b. Use a safety razor to shave the client.
c. Avoid soap when bathing the client.
d. Use a soft toothbrush and gentle oral care.
e. Apply moisturizing lotion and turn the client frequently. - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- c. Avoid soap when bathing the client.
d. Use a soft toothbrush and gentle oral care.
e. Apply moisturizing lotion and turn the client frequently.
Rationale:
A client with cirrhosis often has dry itchy skin. Soap can dry and irritate the skin
further. To prevent skin breakdown, the skin should be kept moist and the client
turned frequently. With cirrhosis, the liver is not able to produce some clotting
factors, so bleeding prevention is a priority. The family should be instructed to use
electric razors, not a safety razor, and to use a soft toothbrush when providing
gentle oral care.
1|Page
,A client who has undergone closed-appendectomy is prescribed to begin
ambulation the next day. The next day when the practical nurse (PN) goes to
assist the client with ambulation, the client yells they are watching the television
and they do not feel like getting out of bed. Which response should the PN
provide?
a. "Your health care provider has prescribed ambulation on the first postoperative
day."
b. "You must ambulate to avoid serious complications that are much more
painful."
c. "I know how you feel—you're angry about having to do this, but it is required."
d. "I'll be back in 30 minutes to help you get out of bed and walk around the
room." - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- d. "I'll be back in 30 minutes to help you get out
of bed and walk around the room."
Rationale:
Returning within 30 minutes provides a "cooling off" period, is firm, direct, and
nonthreatening, and avoids arguing with the client
A client diagnosed with duodenal ulcers is admitted to the hospital. The client was
administered ranitidine hydrochloride 150 mg PO at bedtime. Which finding
would indicate a therapeutic response of the medication?
a. Gastric secretions pH level below 3.
b. Hemoccult testing is positive on two different occasions.
c. No difficulty falling asleep reported.
d. No complaints of abdominal pain or heartburn verbalized. - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- d. No complaints of abdominal pain or heartburn verbalized.
2|Page
,Rationale:
Lack of abdominal pain within 4 hours after meals indicates decreased duodenal
irritation, a positive outcome in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
The health care provider informed a client diagnosed with stage 4 liver cancer
that the cancer has spread to their spine. The client states to the practical nurse,
"I have a cancer, but it is not malignant." What is the best initial nursing action?
a. Encourage the client to attend a cancer education program.
b. Perform a complete history and physical assessment.
c. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term malignancy.
d. Offer the client emotional support to deal with the diagnosis. - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- c. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term
malignancy.
Rationale:
The best initial action is to assess the client's knowledge of the term malignancy
when used to describe cancer. The client appears to have inaccurate knowledge.
Stage 4 cancer means the cancer has spread (metastasized) from where it has
started to another body part.
A client with severe Parkinson disease diagnosed with anorexia, dysphagia,
drooling, generalized weakness, and slurred speech is admitted to the unit. Which
nursing action should the practical nurse implement first for this client?
a. Provide the client with a word board.
3|Page
, b. Set up a suction and Yankauer at client's bedside.
c. Encourage passive and active range-of-motion exercises.
d. Offer client nutritional milkshakes every 2 hours. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- b.
Set up a suction and Yankauer at client's bedside.
Rationale:
Dysphagia and drooling predispose this client to aspiration. A suction machine
and Yankauer should be set up and near the client to be used to help prevent
aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration is the primary concern in this situation.
A client diagnosed with epilepsy is admitted to the unit. What intervention should
the practical nurse (PN) implement if the client experiences a seizure?
a. Observe the length and activity of the seizure.
b. Insert an oral airway.
c. Gently restrain the client to prevent harm.
d. Call the code team. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- a. Observe the length and activity
of the seizure.
Rationale:
The PN should observe the client as they have their seizure. The length of time
and movement by the client needs to be observed and then documented once
the client is stable. The client should be placed on their side to help prevent
aspiration.
4|Page
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |
ALREADY GRADED A+
A client with cirrhosis is being discharged home, with family members to provide
the majority of the client's care. Which instructions are important to reinforce
with the family regarding this client's care? (Select all that apply.)
a. Maintain a low-fiber diet.
b. Use a safety razor to shave the client.
c. Avoid soap when bathing the client.
d. Use a soft toothbrush and gentle oral care.
e. Apply moisturizing lotion and turn the client frequently. - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- c. Avoid soap when bathing the client.
d. Use a soft toothbrush and gentle oral care.
e. Apply moisturizing lotion and turn the client frequently.
Rationale:
A client with cirrhosis often has dry itchy skin. Soap can dry and irritate the skin
further. To prevent skin breakdown, the skin should be kept moist and the client
turned frequently. With cirrhosis, the liver is not able to produce some clotting
factors, so bleeding prevention is a priority. The family should be instructed to use
electric razors, not a safety razor, and to use a soft toothbrush when providing
gentle oral care.
1|Page
,A client who has undergone closed-appendectomy is prescribed to begin
ambulation the next day. The next day when the practical nurse (PN) goes to
assist the client with ambulation, the client yells they are watching the television
and they do not feel like getting out of bed. Which response should the PN
provide?
a. "Your health care provider has prescribed ambulation on the first postoperative
day."
b. "You must ambulate to avoid serious complications that are much more
painful."
c. "I know how you feel—you're angry about having to do this, but it is required."
d. "I'll be back in 30 minutes to help you get out of bed and walk around the
room." - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- d. "I'll be back in 30 minutes to help you get out
of bed and walk around the room."
Rationale:
Returning within 30 minutes provides a "cooling off" period, is firm, direct, and
nonthreatening, and avoids arguing with the client
A client diagnosed with duodenal ulcers is admitted to the hospital. The client was
administered ranitidine hydrochloride 150 mg PO at bedtime. Which finding
would indicate a therapeutic response of the medication?
a. Gastric secretions pH level below 3.
b. Hemoccult testing is positive on two different occasions.
c. No difficulty falling asleep reported.
d. No complaints of abdominal pain or heartburn verbalized. - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- d. No complaints of abdominal pain or heartburn verbalized.
2|Page
,Rationale:
Lack of abdominal pain within 4 hours after meals indicates decreased duodenal
irritation, a positive outcome in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
The health care provider informed a client diagnosed with stage 4 liver cancer
that the cancer has spread to their spine. The client states to the practical nurse,
"I have a cancer, but it is not malignant." What is the best initial nursing action?
a. Encourage the client to attend a cancer education program.
b. Perform a complete history and physical assessment.
c. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term malignancy.
d. Offer the client emotional support to deal with the diagnosis. - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- c. Ask the client to explain his understanding of the term
malignancy.
Rationale:
The best initial action is to assess the client's knowledge of the term malignancy
when used to describe cancer. The client appears to have inaccurate knowledge.
Stage 4 cancer means the cancer has spread (metastasized) from where it has
started to another body part.
A client with severe Parkinson disease diagnosed with anorexia, dysphagia,
drooling, generalized weakness, and slurred speech is admitted to the unit. Which
nursing action should the practical nurse implement first for this client?
a. Provide the client with a word board.
3|Page
, b. Set up a suction and Yankauer at client's bedside.
c. Encourage passive and active range-of-motion exercises.
d. Offer client nutritional milkshakes every 2 hours. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- b.
Set up a suction and Yankauer at client's bedside.
Rationale:
Dysphagia and drooling predispose this client to aspiration. A suction machine
and Yankauer should be set up and near the client to be used to help prevent
aspiration pneumonia. Aspiration is the primary concern in this situation.
A client diagnosed with epilepsy is admitted to the unit. What intervention should
the practical nurse (PN) implement if the client experiences a seizure?
a. Observe the length and activity of the seizure.
b. Insert an oral airway.
c. Gently restrain the client to prevent harm.
d. Call the code team. - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- a. Observe the length and activity
of the seizure.
Rationale:
The PN should observe the client as they have their seizure. The length of time
and movement by the client needs to be observed and then documented once
the client is stable. The client should be placed on their side to help prevent
aspiration.
4|Page
