|PASSED ON FIRST
ATTEMPT |LATEST UPDATE WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
AT CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
NR507 Week 4 edapt: Urinary System Pathologies: Common
Diseases and Disorders Urinary Tract Infections/ Benign
Prostatic Hypertrophy/ Renal Calculi/ Urinary Incontinence/
Acute Kidney Injury/ Chronic Kidney Disease
Urinary Tract Infections
,Upper UTIs occur in organs that are above the urinary bladder and
include ureter infections and pyelonephritis (kidney infection).
Cystitis (bladder infection), urethritis (infection of the urethra), and
prostatitis (infection of the prostate) occur in the lower urinary tract.
, Pathophysiology of Urinary Tract Infections
The most common organisms that cause urinary tract infection (UTI)
are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus saprophyticus,
Proteus mirabilis, and Klebsiella. E. coli causes
approximately 80% of the cases of UTI as it is the most common
organism contained in fecal matter that is easily accessible from the
anus to the urethra.
???The sequence of events starts with the bacteria entering the
urethra and end with the client having symptoms of infection. The
correct order is:
1. Bacteria enter the lower urinary tract
2. An inflammatory response is triggered
3. Neutrophils arrive
4. Bacteria continue to multiply
5. Biofilm forms
6. Bacteria adhere to the bladder wall
7. Client experiences pain with urination
Urinary Tract Infection Clinical Manifestations
1. Frequent Urination: Increased urge to urinate, often with the feeling of incomplete
emptying is associated with a bladder infection due to inflammation of the bladder
and urethra.
2. Painful Urination: Discomfort or a burning sensation during urination is
associated with inflammation of the bladder and urethra (lower UTI).
3. Urgency: A sudden and intense need to urinate is associated with inflammation of
the bladder and urethra (lower UTI).
4. Lower Abdominal Discomfort: Pain or pressure in the lower abdomen can be
caused by an infection anywhere in the urinary tract.