Chapter 3: Discovering and Settling the New World 1492-1700 - ANSWER ...
John Calvin - ANSWER French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influ-
enced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of
Christian Religion
Martin Luther - ANSWER a German monk who became one of the most famous critics
of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking
the church practices.
John Smith - ANSWER ..., Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and
strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Protestant Reformation - ANSWER ..., a religious movement of the 16th century that
began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of
Protestant churches
Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER ..., Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary
established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
Roanoke - ANSWER ..., Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by
Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disap-
peared, and historians still don't know what became of them.
1
,Virginia Company - ANSWER ..., Joint-stock company chartered by King James I of Eng-
land; established the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
elect - ANSWER ..., in Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for sal-
vation.
encomienda - ANSWER ..., a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas,
including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
Chapter 4: The Atlantic World 1600-1750 - ANSWER ...
John Winthrop - ANSWER ..., Puritan Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envi-
sioned colony as a "city upon a hill"
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER ..., She preached the idea that God communicated di-
rectly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachu-
setts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in
1639.
Roger Williams - ANSWER ..., He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and
State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massa-
chusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
John Rolfe - ANSWER ..., married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in
Jamestown
Lord Baltimore - ANSWER ..., 1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which
offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
2
,Sir William Berkeley - ANSWER ..., the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that
favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His
shortcomings led to Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon - ANSWER ..., Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the gover-
nor of the Virginia Colony
William and Mary - ANSWER ..., King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King
James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because
only protestants could be office-holders.
The Church of England - ANSWER ..., Also known as the Anglican Church, this Church
was founded by 1534 by King Henry VIII, The king sought to divorce his first wife Catherine of
Aragon however Pope Clement VII refused to dissolve the marriage. Enraged the King broke
away from the Roman Catholic Church.
Puritans - ANSWER ..., Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican
church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.
New England Confederation - ANSWER ..., 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of
the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.
separatists - ANSWER ..., People who wanted to have a separate, or different church
than the church of England. Also known as Pilgrims.
Pilgrims - ANSWER ..., English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
nonseparatists - ANSWER ..., This is another name for the Puritans who arrived in New
England in 1629 due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. While in England,
these Puritans believed they must remain within the Church of England to reform it.
3
, quakers - ANSWER ..., English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a
doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded
Pennsylvania
Great Migration - ANSWER ..., when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massa-
chusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times
Holy Experiment - ANSWER an attempt by the Religious Society of Friends or (Quak-
ers) to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to
the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
Bacon's Rebellion - ANSWER ..., A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry
farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land
Pueblo Revolt - ANSWER an uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish
settlers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.[1]
Glorious Revolution - ANSWER ..., This was the "revolution" that replaced James II
with William and Mary that also recognized the supremacy of the Parliament with minimum
bloodshed
Mayflower Compact - ANSWER ..., 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in
America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the
Plymouth colony.
Halfway Covenant - ANSWER ..., Used by Puritan Churches to bolster attendance but
also keep political leadership under the control respectable families. Conversion needed but
not "regeneration" to be a member of the congregation.
Dominion of New England - ANSWER ..., 1686-The British government combined the
colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single
4
John Calvin - ANSWER French humanist whose theological writings profoundly influ-
enced religious thoughts of Europeans. Developed Calvinism at Geneva. Wrote Institutes of
Christian Religion
Martin Luther - ANSWER a German monk who became one of the most famous critics
of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking
the church practices.
John Smith - ANSWER ..., Helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and
strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter.
Protestant Reformation - ANSWER ..., a religious movement of the 16th century that
began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of
Protestant churches
Treaty of Tordesillas - ANSWER ..., Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary
established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas.
Roanoke - ANSWER ..., Established in 1587. Called the Lost Colony. It was financed by
Sir Walter Raleigh, and its leader in the New World was John White. All the settlers disap-
peared, and historians still don't know what became of them.
1
,Virginia Company - ANSWER ..., Joint-stock company chartered by King James I of Eng-
land; established the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.
elect - ANSWER ..., in Calvinist doctrine, those who have been chosen by God for sal-
vation.
encomienda - ANSWER ..., a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas,
including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
Chapter 4: The Atlantic World 1600-1750 - ANSWER ...
John Winthrop - ANSWER ..., Puritan Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, envi-
sioned colony as a "city upon a hill"
Anne Hutchinson - ANSWER ..., She preached the idea that God communicated di-
rectly to individuals instead of through the church elders. She was forced to leave Massachu-
setts in 1637. Her followers (the Antinomianists) founded the colony of New Hampshire in
1639.
Roger Williams - ANSWER ..., He founded Rhode Island for separation of Church and
State. He believed that the Puritans were too powerful and was ordered to leave the Massa-
chusetts Bay Colony for his religious beliefs.
John Rolfe - ANSWER ..., married Pocahontas and started the planting of tobacco in
Jamestown
Lord Baltimore - ANSWER ..., 1694- He was the founder of Maryland, a colony which
offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.
2
,Sir William Berkeley - ANSWER ..., the royal governor of Virginia. Adopted policies that
favored large planters and neglected the needs of recent settlers in the 'backcountry.' His
shortcomings led to Bacon's Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon - ANSWER ..., Planter who led a rebellion in 1676 against the gover-
nor of the Virginia Colony
William and Mary - ANSWER ..., King and Queen of England in 1688. With them, King
James' Catholic reign ended. As they were Protestant, the Puritans were pleased because
only protestants could be office-holders.
The Church of England - ANSWER ..., Also known as the Anglican Church, this Church
was founded by 1534 by King Henry VIII, The king sought to divorce his first wife Catherine of
Aragon however Pope Clement VII refused to dissolve the marriage. Enraged the King broke
away from the Roman Catholic Church.
Puritans - ANSWER ..., Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican
church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization.
New England Confederation - ANSWER ..., 1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of
the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.
separatists - ANSWER ..., People who wanted to have a separate, or different church
than the church of England. Also known as Pilgrims.
Pilgrims - ANSWER ..., English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620
nonseparatists - ANSWER ..., This is another name for the Puritans who arrived in New
England in 1629 due to oppression and persecution by the English Crown. While in England,
these Puritans believed they must remain within the Church of England to reform it.
3
, quakers - ANSWER ..., English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a
doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded
Pennsylvania
Great Migration - ANSWER ..., when more than 15,000 Puritans journeyed to Massa-
chusetts to escape religious persecution and economic hard times
Holy Experiment - ANSWER an attempt by the Religious Society of Friends or (Quak-
ers) to establish a community for themselves in Pennsylvania. They hoped it would show to
the world how well they could function on their own without any persecution or dissension.
Bacon's Rebellion - ANSWER ..., A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry
farmers to attack Native Americans in an attempt to gain more land
Pueblo Revolt - ANSWER an uprising of most of the Pueblo Indians against the Spanish
settlers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.[1]
Glorious Revolution - ANSWER ..., This was the "revolution" that replaced James II
with William and Mary that also recognized the supremacy of the Parliament with minimum
bloodshed
Mayflower Compact - ANSWER ..., 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in
America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the
Plymouth colony.
Halfway Covenant - ANSWER ..., Used by Puritan Churches to bolster attendance but
also keep political leadership under the control respectable families. Conversion needed but
not "regeneration" to be a member of the congregation.
Dominion of New England - ANSWER ..., 1686-The British government combined the
colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single
4
