NR283 EXAM 1 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
2025/2026 DESIGNED TO REFLECT THE CURRENT
EXAM AND SUPPORT YOUR SUCCESS.
And elderly client is concerned about catching influenza. The
nurse understands that which immune system function changes
occur with increased age? (select all that apply)
A. Decreased levels of circulating autoantibodies
B. Increased thymic hormone production
C. Diminished T cell function
D. Reduced antibody response correct answer✔✔ C.
Diminished T cell function D. Reduced antibody response
The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process
includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging
process? (select all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
,F. Increased formation of autoantibodies correct answer✔✔ A.
Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury
and disease? correct answer✔✔ Pathogens can be sloughed off by
mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing
or sneezing, vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids
associated with it also help to protect us from infection? correct
answer✔✔ There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that
generally inhibits microorganisms
If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be
considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a controlled state,
what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling
associated with inflammation actually help with the healing
process? Erythema and warmth at a site of injury typically cause
discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the
response is being initiated? correct answer✔✔ It prevents and/or
limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of
plasma, plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of
leukocytes from the blood vessels to the
,injury. It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community
to launch a more specific defense against the pathogens and
enhances the healing process.
What causes redness at the site of inflammation? correct
answer✔✔ Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered
by mediators or mast cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding
What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs?
correct answer✔✔ Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to
dilute toxins
With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the
vessels? correct answer✔✔ Leukocytes
How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes)
arrive at the tissue where the site of the infection is present?
correct answer✔✔ The cell squeeze through the gaps in the
capillary walls to enter at the site of the infection
What does phagocytosis do at the site? correct answer✔✔ Digests
the foreign substances cellular debris
, Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury? correct
answer✔✔ Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off the
injured area, taking the foreign substances to make a mesh to
support blood clotting and healing
When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors?
correct answer✔✔ Prostaglandins
Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
correct answer✔✔ Pyrogens are released by macrophages when
exposed to bacteria
What reaction in the body inhibits bacterial growth and causes
the liver and spleen to remove iron in the body that some bacteria
use for growth? correct answer✔✔ fever
What do cells release when they are attacked by viruses? correct
answer✔✔ inferferons
Where do interferons travel to and why? correct answer✔✔ They
spread the infected cells to trigger the making of enzymes that
would inhibit the viral replication
2025/2026 DESIGNED TO REFLECT THE CURRENT
EXAM AND SUPPORT YOUR SUCCESS.
And elderly client is concerned about catching influenza. The
nurse understands that which immune system function changes
occur with increased age? (select all that apply)
A. Decreased levels of circulating autoantibodies
B. Increased thymic hormone production
C. Diminished T cell function
D. Reduced antibody response correct answer✔✔ C.
Diminished T cell function D. Reduced antibody response
The nurse teaching an elderly client about the aging process
includes which changes that occur as part of the normal aging
process? (select all that apply)
A. Increase in total body potassium concentration
B. Increased gastric emptying
C. Decreased muscle tone
D. Wrinkling and atrophy of the epidermis
E. Increase in peripheral resistance to blood flow
,F. Increased formation of autoantibodies correct answer✔✔ A.
Decreased muscle tone, wrinkling in atrophy of the epidermis
E. increase in peripheral resistance to bloodflow
F. increased formation of auto antibodies
What else is it about the skin that protects individuals from injury
and disease? correct answer✔✔ Pathogens can be sloughed off by
mechanical means, such as falling off in dead skin cells, coughing
or sneezing, vomiting, or flushing from the urinary tract in urine.
How might the characteristics of skin and the bodily fluids
associated with it also help to protect us from infection? correct
answer✔✔ There is a low pH on the skin and stomach that
generally inhibits microorganisms
If inflammation is considered a first responder and may be
considered to be a hero, at least when it is in a controlled state,
what heroic acts may be attributed to it? How might the swelling
associated with inflammation actually help with the healing
process? Erythema and warmth at a site of injury typically cause
discomfort, but how might one take solace in the fact that the
response is being initiated? correct answer✔✔ It prevents and/or
limits infection and additional damage by initiating the influx of
plasma, plasma proteins, plasma enzymes, and the distribution of
leukocytes from the blood vessels to the
,injury. It recruits members of the adaptive immunity community
to launch a more specific defense against the pathogens and
enhances the healing process.
What causes redness at the site of inflammation? correct
answer✔✔ Vasodilation of arterioles from the histamine triggered
by mediators or mast cells but then spasm to stop the bleeding
What is brought to the injured site when the vasodilation occurs?
correct answer✔✔ Neutrophils, monocytes, oxygen, nutrients to
dilute toxins
With vasodilation that dilates the capillaries, what lines the
vessels? correct answer✔✔ Leukocytes
How do the traveling leukocytes (neutrophils and monocytes)
arrive at the tissue where the site of the infection is present?
correct answer✔✔ The cell squeeze through the gaps in the
capillary walls to enter at the site of the infection
What does phagocytosis do at the site? correct answer✔✔ Digests
the foreign substances cellular debris
, Why is fibrinogen important at the site of injury? correct
answer✔✔ Fibrinogen transforms into fibrin to wall off the
injured area, taking the foreign substances to make a mesh to
support blood clotting and healing
When the injury occurs, what stimulates the pain receptors?
correct answer✔✔ Prostaglandins
Why does the hypothalamus increase the body temperature?
correct answer✔✔ Pyrogens are released by macrophages when
exposed to bacteria
What reaction in the body inhibits bacterial growth and causes
the liver and spleen to remove iron in the body that some bacteria
use for growth? correct answer✔✔ fever
What do cells release when they are attacked by viruses? correct
answer✔✔ inferferons
Where do interferons travel to and why? correct answer✔✔ They
spread the infected cells to trigger the making of enzymes that
would inhibit the viral replication
