ATI TEAS 6 Science (Human Anatomy
and Physiology) Latest Updated And
Comprehensive Exam Revision With
Guaranteed Success
Hierarchy of Structures | |
Lowest Hierarchy level is at Organelles within a cell. They obtain energy
| | | | | | | | | | |
from food andreproduction.
| | | |
-Cells with the same function are collected into larger groups called
| | | | | | | | | |
Tissues.
|
-Tissues are collected into Organs, carry out single task, like oxygenated
| | | | | | | | | |
blood (lungs), orfilter out waste (kidneys).
| | | | | | |
-Organs work together in systems that perform coordinated large-scale
| | | | | | | |
functions,
|
like nourishing the body (digestive) or protecting the body from attacks
| | | | | | | | | |
(immune).
|
Cell Parts
|
Organelles: Cell parts that function within a cell. They coordinate with other
| | | | | | | | | | |
organelles to performsa cell's basic function, like energy processing and
| | | | | | | | | | |
waste excretion.
| |
~Examples: Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, The Nucleus.
| | | | | |
,The Nucleus
|
-Nucleus: Small structure that contains Chromosomes and Regulates
| | | | | | |
the DNA of a cell.Defining structure of eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the passing on of genetic traits
| | | | | |
, between generations. |
-Contains: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, nuclear pores,
| | | | | | |
chromatin, andribosomes.
| | |
Chromosomes
Highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA. DNA is genetic material that stores
| | | | | | | | | | |
information about theplant or animal.
| | | | | |
Chromatin
Consists of the DNA and Proteins that make up chromosomes.
| | | | | | | | |
Nucleolus
Structure contained within the nucleus, consists of proteins. Small, Round, and
| | | | | | | | | |
does not have amembrane. Involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
stores RNA.
| |
Nuclear Envelope |
Encloses the nucleus. Consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Nuclear Pores |
Involved in exchange of material between nucleus and the cytoplasm.
| | | | | | | | |
Nucleoplasm
Liquid within the membrane and is similar to cytoplasm.
| | | | | | | |
Cell Membrane
|
, "Plasma Membrane" |
-Made of Lipids and Proteins| | | |
-Isolates the cell from its external environment while still enabling the cellar
| | | | | | | | | | |
to communicatewith the outside environment.
| | | | | |
-Consists: Phospholipid bilayer with the hydrophilic ends of the outer layer
| | | | | | | | | |
facing externalenvironment.
| | |
~Cholesterol: Adds stiffness and flexibility | | | |
~Glycolipids: Help cell to recognize other cells of the organisms. | | | | | | | | |
~Proteins: Help give cells shape | | | |
~Special Proteins: Helps cell communicate with external environment.
| | | | | | |
~Other Proteins: Transport molecules across membrane
| | | | |
Selective Permeability |
With regard to size, charge, and solubility.
| | | | | |
-Size: Membrane allows small molecules to diffuse through it. Oxygen and
| | | | | | | | | |
Water moleculesare small and can pass through the cells membrane.
| | | | | | | | | | |
-Charge: Ions on a cells surface either attracts or repels ions. Ions
| | | | | | | | | | |
with like chargesare repelled, and ions with opposite charges are
| | | | | | | | | | |
attracted to the surface.
| | | |
-Solubility: Molecules that are soluble in phospholipids can usually pass
| | | | | | | | |
through the membrane. Many are not able to diffuse the membrane, and if
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
anything they'll have to bemoved through by active transport and
| | | | | | | | | | |
vesicles
|
Cell Structures
|
Inside the cell. Contain: Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuoles, Vesicles,
| | | | | | | |
|Cytoskeleton, Microtubules,Cytosol, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Endoplasmic | | | | | |
|Reticulum, Mitochondria |
and Physiology) Latest Updated And
Comprehensive Exam Revision With
Guaranteed Success
Hierarchy of Structures | |
Lowest Hierarchy level is at Organelles within a cell. They obtain energy
| | | | | | | | | | |
from food andreproduction.
| | | |
-Cells with the same function are collected into larger groups called
| | | | | | | | | |
Tissues.
|
-Tissues are collected into Organs, carry out single task, like oxygenated
| | | | | | | | | |
blood (lungs), orfilter out waste (kidneys).
| | | | | | |
-Organs work together in systems that perform coordinated large-scale
| | | | | | | |
functions,
|
like nourishing the body (digestive) or protecting the body from attacks
| | | | | | | | | |
(immune).
|
Cell Parts
|
Organelles: Cell parts that function within a cell. They coordinate with other
| | | | | | | | | | |
organelles to performsa cell's basic function, like energy processing and
| | | | | | | | | | |
waste excretion.
| |
~Examples: Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondria, The Nucleus.
| | | | | |
,The Nucleus
|
-Nucleus: Small structure that contains Chromosomes and Regulates
| | | | | | |
the DNA of a cell.Defining structure of eukaryotic cells. It is responsible for
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the passing on of genetic traits
| | | | | |
, between generations. |
-Contains: nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, a nucleolus, nuclear pores,
| | | | | | |
chromatin, andribosomes.
| | |
Chromosomes
Highly condensed, threadlike rods of DNA. DNA is genetic material that stores
| | | | | | | | | | |
information about theplant or animal.
| | | | | |
Chromatin
Consists of the DNA and Proteins that make up chromosomes.
| | | | | | | | |
Nucleolus
Structure contained within the nucleus, consists of proteins. Small, Round, and
| | | | | | | | | |
does not have amembrane. Involved in protein synthesis, and synthesizes and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
stores RNA.
| |
Nuclear Envelope |
Encloses the nucleus. Consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids.
| | | | | | | | | | |
Nuclear Pores |
Involved in exchange of material between nucleus and the cytoplasm.
| | | | | | | | |
Nucleoplasm
Liquid within the membrane and is similar to cytoplasm.
| | | | | | | |
Cell Membrane
|
, "Plasma Membrane" |
-Made of Lipids and Proteins| | | |
-Isolates the cell from its external environment while still enabling the cellar
| | | | | | | | | | |
to communicatewith the outside environment.
| | | | | |
-Consists: Phospholipid bilayer with the hydrophilic ends of the outer layer
| | | | | | | | | |
facing externalenvironment.
| | |
~Cholesterol: Adds stiffness and flexibility | | | |
~Glycolipids: Help cell to recognize other cells of the organisms. | | | | | | | | |
~Proteins: Help give cells shape | | | |
~Special Proteins: Helps cell communicate with external environment.
| | | | | | |
~Other Proteins: Transport molecules across membrane
| | | | |
Selective Permeability |
With regard to size, charge, and solubility.
| | | | | |
-Size: Membrane allows small molecules to diffuse through it. Oxygen and
| | | | | | | | | |
Water moleculesare small and can pass through the cells membrane.
| | | | | | | | | | |
-Charge: Ions on a cells surface either attracts or repels ions. Ions
| | | | | | | | | | |
with like chargesare repelled, and ions with opposite charges are
| | | | | | | | | | |
attracted to the surface.
| | | |
-Solubility: Molecules that are soluble in phospholipids can usually pass
| | | | | | | | |
through the membrane. Many are not able to diffuse the membrane, and if
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
anything they'll have to bemoved through by active transport and
| | | | | | | | | | |
vesicles
|
Cell Structures
|
Inside the cell. Contain: Ribosomes, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuoles, Vesicles,
| | | | | | | |
|Cytoskeleton, Microtubules,Cytosol, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Endoplasmic | | | | | |
|Reticulum, Mitochondria |
