GLPH 171 Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Health (WHO Definition 1946) - CORRECT ANSWER A state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health (Frankish et. al 1996) - CORRECT ANSWER The capacity of people to adapt
to, respond to, or control life's challenges and changes
"Functional Definition"
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER The biological or physical malady affecting the body
Sickness - CORRECT ANSWER Social acknowledgement of impairment of affliction
Illness - CORRECT ANSWER Perception of dysfunction by an afflicting individual
The Relationships: Disease Without Ilness - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension
- HBP can lead to heart attack but patient does not feel ill and does not seek care
The Relationships: Ilness without Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Hypochondriac
(anxiety)
Feeling of being ill, but nothing wrong despite extensive medical testing
The Relationships: Ilness without Sickness - CORRECT ANSWER Headache
Feeling of being ill, requires doctor's note for absense
,Health and Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Not necessarily opposites
Disease (Yes)
Healthy well managed type 1 diabetic
Unhealthy late stage cancer
Healthy vibrant neighbour
Unhealthy overworked teacher
Disease (No)
Factors that cause disease - CORRECT ANSWER 1. germs
2. genetics
3. lifestyle
4. multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental)
Factors that cause disease: germs - CORRECT ANSWER - prominent in the 19th
century
1. Kach
- germs are in diseased individuals and are absent in the rest, they can be isolated/cultured,
germs cause disease in healthy hosts, and germs can be re-isolated from newly diseased
(ignores social context + genetic origins)
2. Lister
- sepsis (infection) caused by pollen-like dust containing surgical wounds, antiseptics
(carboxylic acid) should prevent wound infections (surgical mortality 45%->15%)
,3. Pasteur
- first pastuated germ theory of disease, principals on microbial fermentation + sterilization,
described heat treatment of milk/wine "pasteurization"
Factors that cause disease: genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - interplay between
genetics and environment
1. emphasizes hereditary vulnerability
2. focuses on individual, not society
Factors that cause disease: lifestyle - CORRECT ANSWER - behaviourally-driven
- smoking, alcohol, fatty foods
- emphasizes individual behaviour change
Factors that cause disease: multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental) - CORRECT
ANSWER - epigenetics: specific gene ↑ risk of a disease (ex. BRCA and breast cancer
- not completely deterministic
- environmental trigger needed
- necessary, but not sufficient
Well-being and wellness - CORRECT ANSWER Well-being: broader concept,
encompasses many areas of life
- ex. learning, financial security, social participation, work, family life, leisure, environ,
security, housing
- state of feeling well (not ill or sick)
- not generally a synonym of being "healthy"
Population Health - CORRECT ANSWER - health can be understood at the population
level; groups with shared characteristics
- health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes
within the group
- studies health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies that link these two
, Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of the distribution and determinants of
disease in populations
- Distribution: descriptive epidemiology focus, how specific outcomes are patterned in a
population, essential for etiology (origins) of disease
- Determinants: analytical epidemiology focus, anything that influences the health of an
individual and the distribution of health states in a population
Population Health: Fundamental Assumptions - CORRECT ANSWER - diseases
distribute non-randomly in a population in relation to the factors that determine health
- factors can be identified by studying distributions of health outcomes in a population
Public Health Agency of Canada - CORRECT ANSWER - Population health is an
approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce
health inequities among population groups
- approach recognizes that health is a capacity or resource rather than a state
Determinants of Health - CORRECT ANSWER - broad, yet interconnected
- WHO: "the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine
individual and population health status"
- Broad Categories
1. Individual (genetic makeup, sex, age)
2. Physical environment (water, sanitation, pollution)
3. Employment and working conditions
4. Access to Health Services
5. Healthy behaviours and coping skills
6. Healthy child development
7. Social environment (SES, education, culture)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Health (WHO Definition 1946) - CORRECT ANSWER A state of complete physical,
mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health (Frankish et. al 1996) - CORRECT ANSWER The capacity of people to adapt
to, respond to, or control life's challenges and changes
"Functional Definition"
Disease - CORRECT ANSWER The biological or physical malady affecting the body
Sickness - CORRECT ANSWER Social acknowledgement of impairment of affliction
Illness - CORRECT ANSWER Perception of dysfunction by an afflicting individual
The Relationships: Disease Without Ilness - CORRECT ANSWER Hypertension
- HBP can lead to heart attack but patient does not feel ill and does not seek care
The Relationships: Ilness without Disease - CORRECT ANSWER Hypochondriac
(anxiety)
Feeling of being ill, but nothing wrong despite extensive medical testing
The Relationships: Ilness without Sickness - CORRECT ANSWER Headache
Feeling of being ill, requires doctor's note for absense
,Health and Disease - CORRECT ANSWER - Not necessarily opposites
Disease (Yes)
Healthy well managed type 1 diabetic
Unhealthy late stage cancer
Healthy vibrant neighbour
Unhealthy overworked teacher
Disease (No)
Factors that cause disease - CORRECT ANSWER 1. germs
2. genetics
3. lifestyle
4. multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental)
Factors that cause disease: germs - CORRECT ANSWER - prominent in the 19th
century
1. Kach
- germs are in diseased individuals and are absent in the rest, they can be isolated/cultured,
germs cause disease in healthy hosts, and germs can be re-isolated from newly diseased
(ignores social context + genetic origins)
2. Lister
- sepsis (infection) caused by pollen-like dust containing surgical wounds, antiseptics
(carboxylic acid) should prevent wound infections (surgical mortality 45%->15%)
,3. Pasteur
- first pastuated germ theory of disease, principals on microbial fermentation + sterilization,
described heat treatment of milk/wine "pasteurization"
Factors that cause disease: genetics - CORRECT ANSWER - interplay between
genetics and environment
1. emphasizes hereditary vulnerability
2. focuses on individual, not society
Factors that cause disease: lifestyle - CORRECT ANSWER - behaviourally-driven
- smoking, alcohol, fatty foods
- emphasizes individual behaviour change
Factors that cause disease: multifactorial disease (epigenetics, environmental) - CORRECT
ANSWER - epigenetics: specific gene ↑ risk of a disease (ex. BRCA and breast cancer
- not completely deterministic
- environmental trigger needed
- necessary, but not sufficient
Well-being and wellness - CORRECT ANSWER Well-being: broader concept,
encompasses many areas of life
- ex. learning, financial security, social participation, work, family life, leisure, environ,
security, housing
- state of feeling well (not ill or sick)
- not generally a synonym of being "healthy"
Population Health - CORRECT ANSWER - health can be understood at the population
level; groups with shared characteristics
- health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of such outcomes
within the group
- studies health outcomes, patterns of health determinants, and policies that link these two
, Epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER the study of the distribution and determinants of
disease in populations
- Distribution: descriptive epidemiology focus, how specific outcomes are patterned in a
population, essential for etiology (origins) of disease
- Determinants: analytical epidemiology focus, anything that influences the health of an
individual and the distribution of health states in a population
Population Health: Fundamental Assumptions - CORRECT ANSWER - diseases
distribute non-randomly in a population in relation to the factors that determine health
- factors can be identified by studying distributions of health outcomes in a population
Public Health Agency of Canada - CORRECT ANSWER - Population health is an
approach to health that aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce
health inequities among population groups
- approach recognizes that health is a capacity or resource rather than a state
Determinants of Health - CORRECT ANSWER - broad, yet interconnected
- WHO: "the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors which determine
individual and population health status"
- Broad Categories
1. Individual (genetic makeup, sex, age)
2. Physical environment (water, sanitation, pollution)
3. Employment and working conditions
4. Access to Health Services
5. Healthy behaviours and coping skills
6. Healthy child development
7. Social environment (SES, education, culture)
