QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Novice - CORRECT ANSWER No previous experience; little situational perception;
very beginning of analytical decision-making.
Advanced beginner - CORRECT ANSWER Uses more sophisticated rules based on
limited experience; beginning situational perception but still limited; analytical decision-
making.
Competent - CORRECT ANSWER Working 2-3 years; lacks speed and flexibility; able
to see different perspectives and more situational aspects.
Proficient - CORRECT ANSWER Uses experiences to make decisions; decision-
making is less labored; sees situations holistically rather than in terms of aspects; sees what's
more important in a situation.
Expert - CORRECT ANSWER No longer relies on rules, guidelines, or maxims;
intuitive grasp of situations based on deep tacit understanding; analytic approaches used only
in novel situations or when problems occur; vision of what is possible.
Care Provider - CORRECT ANSWER Acquires critical thinking skills to determine the
necessary course of action, psychomotor skills to perform the necessary interventions,
interpersonal skills to communicate effectively with the patient and family, and ethical and
legal skills to function within the scope of practice and in accordance with the profession's
code of ethics.
Educator - CORRECT ANSWER Making sure the patient receives sufficient
information on which to base consent for care and related treatment.
Advocate - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse supports patient's rights, beliefs, and wishes
and communicates that to other health care providers; speaks up for the patient in
circumstances when the patient cannot speak for themselves such as during severe illness or
anesthesia.
,Leader - CORRECT ANSWER Motivates others towards common goals; provides
direction and purpose to others.
Change agent - CORRECT ANSWER Nurse works with patients to address their health
concerns and with staff members to address change in an organization or within a community.
Manager - CORRECT ANSWER Manages all the activities and treatments for patients;
promoting, restoring, and maintaining a patient's health requires coordinating all of the health
care providers' services.
Researcher - CORRECT ANSWER Nurses determine care concerns and ask questions
about nursing practices; nursing problems that are identified become the basis of research.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) - CORRECT ANSWER Integrates research, clinical
guidelines, and patient preferences.
Collaborator - CORRECT ANSWER Collaboration is the process by which two or
more people work together towards a common goal.
Delegator - CORRECT ANSWER The nurse delegates certain activities to other health
care personnel.
Delegation - CORRECT ANSWER The process of entrusting or transferring the
responsibility for certain tasks to other personnel.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - CORRECT ANSWER Specifies the psychological and
physiologic factors that affect each person's physical and mental health.
Erickson's Psychosocial Development - CORRECT ANSWER Based on individuals
interacting and learning about their world.
, Rosenstock's Health Belief Model - CORRECT ANSWER Originally designed to
predict responses of patients to treatment.
Perceived susceptibility - CORRECT ANSWER The risk of getting the condition.
Perceived severity - CORRECT ANSWER The seriousness of the condition and its
potential consequences.
Perceived barriers - CORRECT ANSWER The influences that facilitate or discourage
adoption of the promoted behavior.
Perceived benefits - CORRECT ANSWER The positive consequences of adopting the
behavior.
Basic Research - CORRECT ANSWER Fundamental principles without immediate
application.
Applied Research - CORRECT ANSWER Practical application of research findings.
Clinical Research - CORRECT ANSWER Focused on patient care and outcomes.
Quantitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER Objective, measurable, uses deductive
reasoning.
Qualitative Research - CORRECT ANSWER Subjective, explores phenomena, uses
inductive reasoning.
Literature Review - CORRECT ANSWER Gathering existing research.