BIOL251: Human Anatomy & Physiology I w/Lab 2025
Module 9 Exam Review / 80+ questions
Module 9: The Endocrine System
Question 1
Which of the following hormones doesn't belong with the others?
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1)
• Aldosterone
• Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
• Growth Hormone (GH)
✔ Correct Answer: Aldosterone
*Explanation: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid produced by the
adrenal cortex, while the others are all related to the Growth
Hormone axis (GHRH from hypothalamus, GH from anterior
pituitary, and IGF-1 stimulated by GH).*
Question 2
Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone, TSH, and
prolactin?
• Somatostatin
• Oxytocin
• Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
• Dopamine
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Somatostatin
Explanation: Also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
, (GHIH), somatostatin is released by the hypothalamus and inhibits
the release of multiple hormones, including GH and TSH from the
anterior pituitary. It also has inhibitory effects in the pancreas and
gut.
Question 3
Which of the following hormones is not released by the pituitary gland?
• Prolactin
• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
• Luteinizing hormone
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Explanation: TRH is a hypothalamic hormone that travels via the
hypophyseal portal system to stimulate the anterior pituitary to
release TSH.
Question 4
Which hormone has a function in both male and female reproductive
systems by influencing testosterone production and ovulation,
respectively?
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Prolactin
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Explanation: In males, LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce
testosterone. In females, it triggers ovulation and stimulates the
corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
,Question 5
True or False: The pituitary gland responds to signals from the
hypothalamus by secreting tropic hormones, such as TSH, ACTH, FSH,
and LH.
• True
• False
✔ 💜Correct Answer: True
Explanation: The anterior pituitary secretes several tropic
hormones (hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands),
including TSH (thyroid), ACTH (adrenal cortex), and FSH/LH
(gonads), under the control of hypothalamic releasing hormones.
Question 6
What is the primary role of T3 and T4 in the body?
• Maintaining electrolyte balance
• Reducing blood sugar levels
• Regulating metabolism, growth, development, and body
temperature
• Stimulating milk production
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Regulating metabolism, growth,
development, and body temperature
Explanation: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increase the basal
metabolic rate, stimulate protein synthesis, and play a crucial role
in growth and development, particularly of the nervous system.
Question 7
, If a patient has secondary hypothyroidism due to a pituitary
dysfunction, what would be the expected levels of TRH, TSH, T3, and
T4?
• TRH: Increased, TSH: Increased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
• TRH: Increased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
• TRH: Decreased, TSH: Increased, T3: Increased, T4: Increased
• TRH: Decreased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Increased, T4: Decreased
✔ 💜Correct Answer: TRH: Increased, TSH: Decreased, T3:
Decreased, T4: Decreased
Explanation: In secondary hypothyroidism, the pituitary fails to
secrete enough TSH despite stimulation from the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus detects low thyroid hormones and increases
TRH secretion, but the pituitary is unresponsive, so TSH remains
low.
Question 8
What is the function of the endocrine system?
• To coordinate rapid, short-term responses via nerve impulses.
• To secrete hormones into the bloodstream for long-lasting,
widespread effects.
• To transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
• To provide a physical barrier against infection.
✔ 💜Correct Answer: To secrete hormones into the
bloodstream for long-lasting, widespread effects.
Explanation: The endocrine system uses hormones (chemical
messengers) transported by the blood to regulate processes that
Module 9 Exam Review / 80+ questions
Module 9: The Endocrine System
Question 1
Which of the following hormones doesn't belong with the others?
• Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF-1)
• Aldosterone
• Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
• Growth Hormone (GH)
✔ Correct Answer: Aldosterone
*Explanation: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid produced by the
adrenal cortex, while the others are all related to the Growth
Hormone axis (GHRH from hypothalamus, GH from anterior
pituitary, and IGF-1 stimulated by GH).*
Question 2
Which hormone inhibits the release of growth hormone, TSH, and
prolactin?
• Somatostatin
• Oxytocin
• Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
• Dopamine
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Somatostatin
Explanation: Also known as growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
, (GHIH), somatostatin is released by the hypothalamus and inhibits
the release of multiple hormones, including GH and TSH from the
anterior pituitary. It also has inhibitory effects in the pancreas and
gut.
Question 3
Which of the following hormones is not released by the pituitary gland?
• Prolactin
• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
• Luteinizing hormone
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)
Explanation: TRH is a hypothalamic hormone that travels via the
hypophyseal portal system to stimulate the anterior pituitary to
release TSH.
Question 4
Which hormone has a function in both male and female reproductive
systems by influencing testosterone production and ovulation,
respectively?
• Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
• Growth Hormone (GH)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Prolactin
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Explanation: In males, LH stimulates Leydig cells to produce
testosterone. In females, it triggers ovulation and stimulates the
corpus luteum to produce progesterone.
,Question 5
True or False: The pituitary gland responds to signals from the
hypothalamus by secreting tropic hormones, such as TSH, ACTH, FSH,
and LH.
• True
• False
✔ 💜Correct Answer: True
Explanation: The anterior pituitary secretes several tropic
hormones (hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands),
including TSH (thyroid), ACTH (adrenal cortex), and FSH/LH
(gonads), under the control of hypothalamic releasing hormones.
Question 6
What is the primary role of T3 and T4 in the body?
• Maintaining electrolyte balance
• Reducing blood sugar levels
• Regulating metabolism, growth, development, and body
temperature
• Stimulating milk production
✔ 💜Correct Answer: Regulating metabolism, growth,
development, and body temperature
Explanation: Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increase the basal
metabolic rate, stimulate protein synthesis, and play a crucial role
in growth and development, particularly of the nervous system.
Question 7
, If a patient has secondary hypothyroidism due to a pituitary
dysfunction, what would be the expected levels of TRH, TSH, T3, and
T4?
• TRH: Increased, TSH: Increased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
• TRH: Increased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Decreased, T4: Decreased
• TRH: Decreased, TSH: Increased, T3: Increased, T4: Increased
• TRH: Decreased, TSH: Decreased, T3: Increased, T4: Decreased
✔ 💜Correct Answer: TRH: Increased, TSH: Decreased, T3:
Decreased, T4: Decreased
Explanation: In secondary hypothyroidism, the pituitary fails to
secrete enough TSH despite stimulation from the hypothalamus.
The hypothalamus detects low thyroid hormones and increases
TRH secretion, but the pituitary is unresponsive, so TSH remains
low.
Question 8
What is the function of the endocrine system?
• To coordinate rapid, short-term responses via nerve impulses.
• To secrete hormones into the bloodstream for long-lasting,
widespread effects.
• To transport oxygen and nutrients to tissues.
• To provide a physical barrier against infection.
✔ 💜Correct Answer: To secrete hormones into the
bloodstream for long-lasting, widespread effects.
Explanation: The endocrine system uses hormones (chemical
messengers) transported by the blood to regulate processes that
