Intro to Public Health Exam 4 UPDATED
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Unaltered
Altered
Built - correct answer the physical environment can be thought of in three categories:
Unaltered environment - correct answer the "natural" environment
Altered environment - correct answer the impact of chemicals, radiation, and biological
products that humans introduce into the environment
Built environment - correct answer the physical environment constructed by human
beings
Environment - correct answer injuries and exposures in the home, the transportation
system, and where we work and play
Subtle - correct answer measuring the impact of the physical environment is difficult
because there are many types of impacts and effects are often ______
Ecosystem - correct answer the altered environment impacts the entire __________
Long-term and mostly irreversible consequences - correct answer the altered
environment often results in
Environmental health - correct answer a broad and long-term perspective is needed
when addressing _______________ ______
,Air quality index - correct answer
Skin
Respiratory tract
Alimentary or digestive tract
Genital-urinary tract - correct answer we are exposed to the physical environment
every minute of our lives through multiple routes:
Skin - correct answer provides direct protection against radiation, organisms, and
physical contact, as well as providing some protections against heat and cold
Respiratory tract - correct answer guarded by mucous production and by small hairlike
structures called cilia, whose motion in conjunction with coughing removes materials that we
breathe into our lungs. Cells called phagocytes literally consume organisms and large
particles. Antibodies, along with cell-mediated immunity also protect against access of
harmful particles and organisms through the lungs.
Digestive (alimentary) tract - correct answer protected by saliva, mucous membranes,
and antibodies, as well as strong acidity in the stomach.
Genital-urinary tract - correct answer protected by mucous membrane barriers,
antibody and cell-mediated immunity, and at times by an acid environment.
Risk assessment
Public health assessment
Ecological assessment
Interaction analysis - correct answer approaches to address complex interactions
between humans and physical environment:
Risk assessment - correct answer a process used in environmental health to formal
assess the potential for harm due to a hazard, taking into account factors such as the
likelihood, timing, and duration of an exposure.
, A formal process that aims to measure the potential impact of known hazards
Hazard - correct answer measure of the inherent capability of a substance to produce
harm. Indicates the inherent danger of an exposure
Route
Timing
Quantity - correct answer risk assessment aims to take into account the inherent danger
of the exposure as well as:
One at a time - correct answer risk assessment attempts to evaluate the impact of
environmental exposures ____ ___ __ _____
Types and magnitudes - correct answer risk assessment measures the _____ and
____________ of the impacts
Minimize - correct answer if a substantial risk is found to exist, the process then
reviews options to protect, detect, and react to the risk to __________ the burden of disease
on humans
The 4-step risk assessment process - correct answer
Hazard identification - correct answer a step in risk assessment that looks at the health
effects caused by a pollutant.
This component asks, what health effects are caused by the pollutant?
Dose-response relationship - correct answer a relationship that is present if changes in
levels of an exposure are associated with changes in frequency of the outcome in a consistent
direction. This component asks, what are the health problems at different exposures?
ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Unaltered
Altered
Built - correct answer the physical environment can be thought of in three categories:
Unaltered environment - correct answer the "natural" environment
Altered environment - correct answer the impact of chemicals, radiation, and biological
products that humans introduce into the environment
Built environment - correct answer the physical environment constructed by human
beings
Environment - correct answer injuries and exposures in the home, the transportation
system, and where we work and play
Subtle - correct answer measuring the impact of the physical environment is difficult
because there are many types of impacts and effects are often ______
Ecosystem - correct answer the altered environment impacts the entire __________
Long-term and mostly irreversible consequences - correct answer the altered
environment often results in
Environmental health - correct answer a broad and long-term perspective is needed
when addressing _______________ ______
,Air quality index - correct answer
Skin
Respiratory tract
Alimentary or digestive tract
Genital-urinary tract - correct answer we are exposed to the physical environment
every minute of our lives through multiple routes:
Skin - correct answer provides direct protection against radiation, organisms, and
physical contact, as well as providing some protections against heat and cold
Respiratory tract - correct answer guarded by mucous production and by small hairlike
structures called cilia, whose motion in conjunction with coughing removes materials that we
breathe into our lungs. Cells called phagocytes literally consume organisms and large
particles. Antibodies, along with cell-mediated immunity also protect against access of
harmful particles and organisms through the lungs.
Digestive (alimentary) tract - correct answer protected by saliva, mucous membranes,
and antibodies, as well as strong acidity in the stomach.
Genital-urinary tract - correct answer protected by mucous membrane barriers,
antibody and cell-mediated immunity, and at times by an acid environment.
Risk assessment
Public health assessment
Ecological assessment
Interaction analysis - correct answer approaches to address complex interactions
between humans and physical environment:
Risk assessment - correct answer a process used in environmental health to formal
assess the potential for harm due to a hazard, taking into account factors such as the
likelihood, timing, and duration of an exposure.
, A formal process that aims to measure the potential impact of known hazards
Hazard - correct answer measure of the inherent capability of a substance to produce
harm. Indicates the inherent danger of an exposure
Route
Timing
Quantity - correct answer risk assessment aims to take into account the inherent danger
of the exposure as well as:
One at a time - correct answer risk assessment attempts to evaluate the impact of
environmental exposures ____ ___ __ _____
Types and magnitudes - correct answer risk assessment measures the _____ and
____________ of the impacts
Minimize - correct answer if a substantial risk is found to exist, the process then
reviews options to protect, detect, and react to the risk to __________ the burden of disease
on humans
The 4-step risk assessment process - correct answer
Hazard identification - correct answer a step in risk assessment that looks at the health
effects caused by a pollutant.
This component asks, what health effects are caused by the pollutant?
Dose-response relationship - correct answer a relationship that is present if changes in
levels of an exposure are associated with changes in frequency of the outcome in a consistent
direction. This component asks, what are the health problems at different exposures?
