PHI 105 TOPIC 4 QUIZ FINAL STUDY SHEET
2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ Nagel Beyond Fact/Value. Answer: Argues reductionism fails
because subjective perspective is irreducible.
◉ Nagel: Inadequacy of Imagination/Behavior. Answer: You can't
imagine another organism's experience just by imagining its
behaviors.
◉ Nagel: Intentionality vs. Scientific Explanation (Structural
Problem). Answer: Science explains physical structure, not
subjective "aboutness."
◉ Nagel: Caterpillar/Butterfly Analogy. Answer: Transformation
shows limitations of imagining another viewpoint.
◉ Qualia and Sensory Apparatus. Answer: Qualia depend on the
perceptual systems we have.
◉ Democritus Problem & Lewis' Infinite Regress. Answer: If mental
terms always reduce to physical ones, you get an endless chain of
redefinitions.
, ◉ Dialogue Between the Mind and the Senses. Answer: Debate over
whether sensory data or rational mind gives true knowledge.
◉ C. S. Lewis. Answer: Focus on moral reasoning, meaning, and
"seeing from within."
◉ Looking At vs. Looking Along. Answer: Distinction between
external analysis vs. internal experience.
◉ Frank Jackson - Mary's Room. Answer: Knowledge argument:
knowing all physical facts doesn't give knowledge of qualia.
◉ John Searle - Chinese Room. Answer: Shows syntax alone isn't
understanding.
◉ Syntax vs. Semantics. Answer: Syntax = symbols; semantics =
meaning.
◉ Alan Turing. Answer: Proposed Turing Test for machine
intelligence.
◉ Turing Test & Indiscernibility. Answer: If behavior is
indistinguishable from human, treat it as intelligent.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
◉ Nagel Beyond Fact/Value. Answer: Argues reductionism fails
because subjective perspective is irreducible.
◉ Nagel: Inadequacy of Imagination/Behavior. Answer: You can't
imagine another organism's experience just by imagining its
behaviors.
◉ Nagel: Intentionality vs. Scientific Explanation (Structural
Problem). Answer: Science explains physical structure, not
subjective "aboutness."
◉ Nagel: Caterpillar/Butterfly Analogy. Answer: Transformation
shows limitations of imagining another viewpoint.
◉ Qualia and Sensory Apparatus. Answer: Qualia depend on the
perceptual systems we have.
◉ Democritus Problem & Lewis' Infinite Regress. Answer: If mental
terms always reduce to physical ones, you get an endless chain of
redefinitions.
, ◉ Dialogue Between the Mind and the Senses. Answer: Debate over
whether sensory data or rational mind gives true knowledge.
◉ C. S. Lewis. Answer: Focus on moral reasoning, meaning, and
"seeing from within."
◉ Looking At vs. Looking Along. Answer: Distinction between
external analysis vs. internal experience.
◉ Frank Jackson - Mary's Room. Answer: Knowledge argument:
knowing all physical facts doesn't give knowledge of qualia.
◉ John Searle - Chinese Room. Answer: Shows syntax alone isn't
understanding.
◉ Syntax vs. Semantics. Answer: Syntax = symbols; semantics =
meaning.
◉ Alan Turing. Answer: Proposed Turing Test for machine
intelligence.
◉ Turing Test & Indiscernibility. Answer: If behavior is
indistinguishable from human, treat it as intelligent.
