PHI 105 TOPIC 7 QUIZ INFORMATION LITERACY
PRACTICE TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Scientific Revolution. Answer: Period (16th-17th c.) marked by
shift toward empirical science, mechanistic explanations, and
rejection of teleology.
◉ Fact/Value. Answer: Distinction between descriptive statements
(what is) and normative statements (what ought to be).
◉ Is/Ought (Hume's Gap). Answer: Hume's claim that one cannot
logically derive an "ought" from an "is."
◉ Descriptive/Prescriptive. Answer: Descriptive states facts;
prescriptive gives rules or guidance.
◉ Positive/Normative. Answer: Positive = objective claims about the
world; normative = value-laden judgments.
◉ Objective/Subjective. Answer: Objective = independent of
viewpoint; subjective = dependent on individual experience.
, ◉ Hume. Answer: Critic of causation certainty; creator of is/ought
distinction; early critic of teleology.
◉ Darwin & Two Cultures Debate. Answer: Darwinian evolution
reshaped humanities/science divide; Snow argues cultures must be
reconciled.
◉ General Education & Industrial Revolution. Answer: Rise of
science/engineering reshaped university curriculum away from
classical humanities.
◉ Humanities/NS/SS Compromise. Answer: Modern gen-ed is a
compromise between three disciplinary "batches": natural sciences,
social sciences, humanities.
◉ Reductionism. Answer: Explaining complex phenomena entirely
in terms of simpler physical parts.
◉ Consciousness as User Illusion. Answer: Idea that conscious
experience is a simplified interface, not the true underlying reality.
◉ Two Initial Hurdles: Steep Cost & Democritus Problem. Answer:
Consciousness research is costly; Democritus Problem = purely
physical accounts struggle to explain subjective experience.
PRACTICE TEST 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ Scientific Revolution. Answer: Period (16th-17th c.) marked by
shift toward empirical science, mechanistic explanations, and
rejection of teleology.
◉ Fact/Value. Answer: Distinction between descriptive statements
(what is) and normative statements (what ought to be).
◉ Is/Ought (Hume's Gap). Answer: Hume's claim that one cannot
logically derive an "ought" from an "is."
◉ Descriptive/Prescriptive. Answer: Descriptive states facts;
prescriptive gives rules or guidance.
◉ Positive/Normative. Answer: Positive = objective claims about the
world; normative = value-laden judgments.
◉ Objective/Subjective. Answer: Objective = independent of
viewpoint; subjective = dependent on individual experience.
, ◉ Hume. Answer: Critic of causation certainty; creator of is/ought
distinction; early critic of teleology.
◉ Darwin & Two Cultures Debate. Answer: Darwinian evolution
reshaped humanities/science divide; Snow argues cultures must be
reconciled.
◉ General Education & Industrial Revolution. Answer: Rise of
science/engineering reshaped university curriculum away from
classical humanities.
◉ Humanities/NS/SS Compromise. Answer: Modern gen-ed is a
compromise between three disciplinary "batches": natural sciences,
social sciences, humanities.
◉ Reductionism. Answer: Explaining complex phenomena entirely
in terms of simpler physical parts.
◉ Consciousness as User Illusion. Answer: Idea that conscious
experience is a simplified interface, not the true underlying reality.
◉ Two Initial Hurdles: Steep Cost & Democritus Problem. Answer:
Consciousness research is costly; Democritus Problem = purely
physical accounts struggle to explain subjective experience.
