Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
PATHO PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK LATEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR EXAM
A person arrives in the emergency department after a loss of consciousness and
the development of Kussmaul respirations. The individual has a history of diabetes
and 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse suspects the person has which of
the following primary disorders?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Ch2.7PPT Summary Question 3
A person with a history of chronic lung disease arrives in the clinic with a 1-week
history of a productive cough, hypoventilation, and headache. The nurse suspects
the person is experiencing
A. Respiratory acidosis.
B. Respiratory alkalosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis
A. Respiratory acidosis.
Ch2.8PPT Summary Question 4
1|Page
, Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
A 17-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after surgery. The
teen requires debridement of a wound on his sacrum (triangular bone at the base
of the spine). His mother attributes this to difficulty in repositioning him because
of his size. He has been in a persistent vegetative state for almost 4 years after
suffering a traumatic brain injury as a result of a self-inflicted gunshot to his head.
The sacral area is covered with which type of tissue?
A. Muscle
B. Neural
C. Epithelial
D. Connective
C. Epithelial
Ch2.9PPT Unit 1 The Cell - Case Study 1a
A 17-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after surgery. The
teen requires debridement of a wound on his sacrum (triangular bone at the base
of the spine). His mother attributes this to difficulty in repositioning him because
of his size. He has been in a persistent vegetative state for almost 4 years after
suffering a traumatic brain injury as a result of a self-inflicted gunshot to his head
2. A large portion of the area is removed because of ischemia and cell death. The
teen suffers from tissue.
A. apoptosis.
B. necrosis.
C. catabolism.
D. metabolism
B. necrosis
Ch2.10PPT Unit 1 The Cell - Case Study 1b
When considering water balance, which statement demonstrates the correct
balance?
2|Page
, Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
A. Isotonic fluids cause increased cellular swelling.
B. Hypertonic fluid causes increased cellular swelling.
C. Hypotonic fluid causes cellular swelling.
D. Hypernatremia causes cellular swelling.
C. Hypotonic fluid causes cellular swelling.
Hypotonic extracellular fluid (ECF) causes intracellular water gain and swelling.
When the ECF is hypotonic, water moves from the intravascular space to the
interstitial space, across the cell membrane, and into the cell. This action causes
the cell to swell. An isotonic solution is equal to the plasma in concentration of
solute molecules. Therefore no net water will move because equilibrium exists. The
cell size is unchanged. A hypertonic fluid has excessive solute; therefore water will
leave the cell and move into the vascular space to help balance this excess. Water
leaving the cell results in cell shrinkage. Hypernatremia can occur with an acute
gain in sodium or a loss of water, but generally it does not cause cellular swelling.
Ch03.1
Which statement is true regarding hyponatremia?
A. Is commonly caused by inadequate sodium intake
B. Can occur with a decrease in total body water (TBW)
C. Never occurs with burns, vomiting, or diarrhea
D. Occurs when sodium drops below 135 mEq/L
D. Occurs when sodium drops below 135 mEq/L
Hyponatremia occurs when the serum sodium drops below 135 mEq/L. It is the
most common electrolyte disorder in individuals who are hospitalized. Although
inadequate sodium intake can cause hyponatremia, it is uncommon. It can also
occur with an increase in TBW or as a result of burns, vomiting, diarrhea, or
gastrointestinal suctioning.
Ch03.3
3|Page
, Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
Which statement is true regarding potassium balance?
A. Potassium is the major extracellular electrolyte.
B. During acidosis, potassium shifts into the cell.
C. Aldosterone is secreted when potassium is decreased.
D. Insulin causes the movement of potassium into the cell.
D. Insulin causes the movement of potassium into the cell.
Insulin causes movement of potassium into the cell and is one of the treatments
for hyperkalemia. Potassium balance is especially significant in the treatment of
conditions requiring insulin administration, such as insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (type 1). Potassium is the major intracellular electrolyte and maintains the
osmotic balance of the intracellular fluid (ICF) space. During acidosis, potassium is
shifted out of the cell in exchange for hydrogen ions. Aldosterone is secreted when
potassium is elevated,
resulting in the excretion of potassium by the kidneys.
Ch03.4
Which statement is true regarding hypokalemia?
A. Hypokalemia occurs when the serum level is below 45 mEq/L.
B. One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.
C. Dietary causes of hypokalemia are common.
D. Diuretics do not cause hypokalemia.
B. One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.
Hypokalemia is low potassium. Therefore hypokalemia is defined as a serum level
less than 3.5 mEq/L. It is often caused by diuretics. Diabetic ketoacidosis does
cause hypokalemia. Potassium is shifted out of the cell in exchange for hydrogen
and then excreted. The serum level may remain within a normal range, but then
when insulin is administered, potassium is shifted back into the cells and a deficit
occurs. Potassium balance is especially significant in the treatment of conditions
4|Page
PATHO PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK LATEST 2025/2026
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
GUARANTEED PASS- ACE YOUR EXAM
A person arrives in the emergency department after a loss of consciousness and
the development of Kussmaul respirations. The individual has a history of diabetes
and 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The nurse suspects the person has which of
the following primary disorders?
A. Respiratory alkalosis
B. Respiratory acidosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
D. Metabolic acidosis
Ch2.7PPT Summary Question 3
A person with a history of chronic lung disease arrives in the clinic with a 1-week
history of a productive cough, hypoventilation, and headache. The nurse suspects
the person is experiencing
A. Respiratory acidosis.
B. Respiratory alkalosis.
C. Metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis
A. Respiratory acidosis.
Ch2.8PPT Summary Question 4
1|Page
, Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
A 17-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after surgery. The
teen requires debridement of a wound on his sacrum (triangular bone at the base
of the spine). His mother attributes this to difficulty in repositioning him because
of his size. He has been in a persistent vegetative state for almost 4 years after
suffering a traumatic brain injury as a result of a self-inflicted gunshot to his head.
The sacral area is covered with which type of tissue?
A. Muscle
B. Neural
C. Epithelial
D. Connective
C. Epithelial
Ch2.9PPT Unit 1 The Cell - Case Study 1a
A 17-year-old boy is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after surgery. The
teen requires debridement of a wound on his sacrum (triangular bone at the base
of the spine). His mother attributes this to difficulty in repositioning him because
of his size. He has been in a persistent vegetative state for almost 4 years after
suffering a traumatic brain injury as a result of a self-inflicted gunshot to his head
2. A large portion of the area is removed because of ischemia and cell death. The
teen suffers from tissue.
A. apoptosis.
B. necrosis.
C. catabolism.
D. metabolism
B. necrosis
Ch2.10PPT Unit 1 The Cell - Case Study 1b
When considering water balance, which statement demonstrates the correct
balance?
2|Page
, Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
A. Isotonic fluids cause increased cellular swelling.
B. Hypertonic fluid causes increased cellular swelling.
C. Hypotonic fluid causes cellular swelling.
D. Hypernatremia causes cellular swelling.
C. Hypotonic fluid causes cellular swelling.
Hypotonic extracellular fluid (ECF) causes intracellular water gain and swelling.
When the ECF is hypotonic, water moves from the intravascular space to the
interstitial space, across the cell membrane, and into the cell. This action causes
the cell to swell. An isotonic solution is equal to the plasma in concentration of
solute molecules. Therefore no net water will move because equilibrium exists. The
cell size is unchanged. A hypertonic fluid has excessive solute; therefore water will
leave the cell and move into the vascular space to help balance this excess. Water
leaving the cell results in cell shrinkage. Hypernatremia can occur with an acute
gain in sodium or a loss of water, but generally it does not cause cellular swelling.
Ch03.1
Which statement is true regarding hyponatremia?
A. Is commonly caused by inadequate sodium intake
B. Can occur with a decrease in total body water (TBW)
C. Never occurs with burns, vomiting, or diarrhea
D. Occurs when sodium drops below 135 mEq/L
D. Occurs when sodium drops below 135 mEq/L
Hyponatremia occurs when the serum sodium drops below 135 mEq/L. It is the
most common electrolyte disorder in individuals who are hospitalized. Although
inadequate sodium intake can cause hyponatremia, it is uncommon. It can also
occur with an increase in TBW or as a result of burns, vomiting, diarrhea, or
gastrointestinal suctioning.
Ch03.3
3|Page
, Patho PRACTICE EXAM 1 PREP TEST BANK
Which statement is true regarding potassium balance?
A. Potassium is the major extracellular electrolyte.
B. During acidosis, potassium shifts into the cell.
C. Aldosterone is secreted when potassium is decreased.
D. Insulin causes the movement of potassium into the cell.
D. Insulin causes the movement of potassium into the cell.
Insulin causes movement of potassium into the cell and is one of the treatments
for hyperkalemia. Potassium balance is especially significant in the treatment of
conditions requiring insulin administration, such as insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus (type 1). Potassium is the major intracellular electrolyte and maintains the
osmotic balance of the intracellular fluid (ICF) space. During acidosis, potassium is
shifted out of the cell in exchange for hydrogen ions. Aldosterone is secreted when
potassium is elevated,
resulting in the excretion of potassium by the kidneys.
Ch03.4
Which statement is true regarding hypokalemia?
A. Hypokalemia occurs when the serum level is below 45 mEq/L.
B. One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.
C. Dietary causes of hypokalemia are common.
D. Diuretics do not cause hypokalemia.
B. One cause of hypokalemia is diabetic ketoacidosis.
Hypokalemia is low potassium. Therefore hypokalemia is defined as a serum level
less than 3.5 mEq/L. It is often caused by diuretics. Diabetic ketoacidosis does
cause hypokalemia. Potassium is shifted out of the cell in exchange for hydrogen
and then excreted. The serum level may remain within a normal range, but then
when insulin is administered, potassium is shifted back into the cells and a deficit
occurs. Potassium balance is especially significant in the treatment of conditions
4|Page
