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An SLPS L P works with a 4-year-old patient diagnosed with autism spectrum
disorder. The patient is nonverbal, does not have a functional communication
system, and does not follow simple directions. Which of the following
communicative target goals is most appropriate for the SLPS L P to prioritize
for the patient?
A.Matching identical pictures in an array of
pictures
B.Requesting wants in any modality
C.Labeling of common items
verbally D.Imitating a sequence of
two actions
Option (B) is correct. Requests (mands) are very important for the early
development of language and for day-to-day verbal interactions with others.
Requests (mands) are
usually the first type of communication acquired by an infant.
,A 75-year-old patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
underwent a three-vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The patient
needed to be intubated for three days following surgery. After extubation, the
medical team requested a swallow consultation to determine if it was safe for
the patient to take oral medications and
initiate oral nutrition. Based on the patient's condition, which of the following
assessment procedures is most appropriate for an SLPS L P to practice?
A. Administering a clinical bedside swallow evaluation and recommending an
oral diet as there were no clinical signs or symptoms of aspiration during the
evaluation
B. Deferring the evaluation for 24 hours because the patient was just
extubated to allow a possible improvement in the patient's swallow function
before evaluation
C. Completing a clinical bedside swallow evaluation to determine patient
readiness for an instrumental evaluation and then completing the instrumental
evaluation if the patient is ready
D. Determining any preexisting dysphagia with the patient and the patient's
family; if there is no history of dysphagia, recommending to advance the
patient's diet
Option (C) is correct. Several studies using instrumental assessment have
concluded that some patients recover airway protection and swallow function
within 24 hours of
extubation and others much later than 24 hours post-extubation following
prolonged endotracheal intubation, suggesting that a 24-hour "deferral time"
benchmark is not particularly useful.
,Which of the following procedures is most important for an SLPS L P to consider
when assessing the social aspect of a school-age child's communication skills?
A. Collecting a language sample to assess narrative skills
B. Assessing expressive vocabulary used by the child on a picture
vocabulary test
C.Observing the child interacting with peers in natural settings, such as
during recess
C. D.Looking for a discrepancy between the child's IQI Q and communication
skills to
determine eligibility
Option (C) is correct. Informal observation of a student in a natural setting is part
of a comprehensive assessment. A determination of eligibility for SLPS L P
services in a
school must be made from more than one source and should include authentic
assessment in an informal setting.
, A study is conducted to determine how well a dysphagia screening test predicts
aspiration that is later confirmed with a videofluoroscopic swallow study
(VFSSV F S S). The study results are presented in the table below.
VFSSV F S S Results
Aspiration No Aspiration
Dysphagia screen results Failed screen 45 20
Passed screen 5 30
Which THREE of the following statements about this dysphagia screening test are
true?
A. The screening test's sensitivity is 90%
B. The screening test's sensitivity is 69%
C. The screening test's specificity is 90%
D. The screening test's specificity is 60%
E. The number of false negatives was 5
F.The number of false negatives was 20
Options (A), (D), and (E) are correct. The screening test's sensitivity is the
proportion of patients who aspirated and failed the screen (top cell in the first
column) to the total of all patients who aspirated on the VFSS (total of the first
column); therefore, 45/50 = 0.9045 divided by 50, equals 0.90. The screening
test's specificity is the proportion of patients who did not aspirate and passed
the screen (bottom cell in the second column) to the total of all patients who
did not aspirate on the VFSSV F S S (total of second
column); therefore, 30/50 = 0.6030 divided by 50, equals 0.60. False negatives
are patients who passed the screen who actually aspirated on the VFSSV F S S
(bottom cell of first column).