NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology UTA
Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions
and Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Already Graded A+.
How does DNA replication occur? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Consists of breaking
the weak hydrogen bond between the bases, leaving a single strand
with each base unpaired. The consistent pairing of TA and GC is key to
accurate replication. DNA polymerase travels along a single DNA
strand, adding the correct nucleotides to the free end of each new
strand.
What is RNA? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Responsible for transcription,
translation, protein formation from DNA.
Uracil <--> adenine
Guanine <--> cytosine
Transcription - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-RNA is synthesized from DNA resulting
in creating of mRNA
Translation - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-RNA directs synthesis of polypeptides.
mRNA interacts with tRNA and ribosomes to create amino acids
Gamete cell - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Mature sperm or egg cell. Haploid,
contain 23 chromosomes. Reproduce through meiosis. When the
sperm and egg join, the two sets of 23 chromosomes form a complete
,set of 46 chromosomes.
Somatic cells - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-All other cells in the body. Diploid, 46
chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes. Reproduce through
mitosis. 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes total.
Polyploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-When a cell
has more than 46 chromosomes
Ex: Liver, bronchial and epithelial tissues are normally polyploid. A
zygote having 3 or 4 copies of each chromosome, rather than 2 has
triploidy or tetraploidy which almost always results in spontaneous
abortion/stillborn.
Aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Cells that
do not contain multiple of 23 chromosomes (can contain more or less,
like 45 or 47). Caused by nondisjunction (failure for the chromosomes
to divide properly).
Ex: Spontaneous abortion, still born, birth defects
Autosomal aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-
Autosomal chromosomes are all chromosomes which do not have any
relation to gender.
Ex: Trisomy 13, 18, 21 (can survive, others don't survive). Trisomy 21
causes down syndrome (low IQ, low nasal bridge, poor muscle tone,
short stature, lower life expectancy)
Sex chromosome aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔
ANSWER-Less serious than autosomal aneuploidy. Atypical number of
X or Y.
, Ex: Trisomy X, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter
Turner syndrome - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Sex-linked monosomy
Klinefelter's syndrome - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Sex linked trisomy
Down syndrome - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Autosomal trisomy
Chromosomal deletion and examples - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Broken
chromosomes and loss of DNA.
Ex: Cri de chat "cry of the cat" syndrome
Chromosomal duplications - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Duplication of
chromosomes. Less severe disease than deletion
Chromosomal inversions and examples - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Two breaks of
a chromosome, followed by reinsertion of the fragment its original
site. ABCDEFG ends up looking like ABCDFEG.
Ex: No apparent physical affect, but can cause serious problems in
offspring.
Chromosomal translocation and examples - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-
Interchanging of genetic material between non-homolygous
chromosomes.
Ex: Usually no serious problems, but can cause serious problems in
offspring.
Exam 1 (Latest 2026 Update) Real Questions
and Verified Answers | 100% Correct |
Already Graded A+.
How does DNA replication occur? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Consists of breaking
the weak hydrogen bond between the bases, leaving a single strand
with each base unpaired. The consistent pairing of TA and GC is key to
accurate replication. DNA polymerase travels along a single DNA
strand, adding the correct nucleotides to the free end of each new
strand.
What is RNA? - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Responsible for transcription,
translation, protein formation from DNA.
Uracil <--> adenine
Guanine <--> cytosine
Transcription - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-RNA is synthesized from DNA resulting
in creating of mRNA
Translation - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-RNA directs synthesis of polypeptides.
mRNA interacts with tRNA and ribosomes to create amino acids
Gamete cell - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Mature sperm or egg cell. Haploid,
contain 23 chromosomes. Reproduce through meiosis. When the
sperm and egg join, the two sets of 23 chromosomes form a complete
,set of 46 chromosomes.
Somatic cells - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-All other cells in the body. Diploid, 46
chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes. Reproduce through
mitosis. 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 chromosomes total.
Polyploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-When a cell
has more than 46 chromosomes
Ex: Liver, bronchial and epithelial tissues are normally polyploid. A
zygote having 3 or 4 copies of each chromosome, rather than 2 has
triploidy or tetraploidy which almost always results in spontaneous
abortion/stillborn.
Aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Cells that
do not contain multiple of 23 chromosomes (can contain more or less,
like 45 or 47). Caused by nondisjunction (failure for the chromosomes
to divide properly).
Ex: Spontaneous abortion, still born, birth defects
Autosomal aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-
Autosomal chromosomes are all chromosomes which do not have any
relation to gender.
Ex: Trisomy 13, 18, 21 (can survive, others don't survive). Trisomy 21
causes down syndrome (low IQ, low nasal bridge, poor muscle tone,
short stature, lower life expectancy)
Sex chromosome aneuploidy and its clinical manifestations - ✔✔✔
ANSWER-Less serious than autosomal aneuploidy. Atypical number of
X or Y.
, Ex: Trisomy X, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter
Turner syndrome - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Sex-linked monosomy
Klinefelter's syndrome - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Sex linked trisomy
Down syndrome - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Autosomal trisomy
Chromosomal deletion and examples - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Broken
chromosomes and loss of DNA.
Ex: Cri de chat "cry of the cat" syndrome
Chromosomal duplications - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Duplication of
chromosomes. Less severe disease than deletion
Chromosomal inversions and examples - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-Two breaks of
a chromosome, followed by reinsertion of the fragment its original
site. ABCDEFG ends up looking like ABCDFEG.
Ex: No apparent physical affect, but can cause serious problems in
offspring.
Chromosomal translocation and examples - ✔✔✔ ANSWER-
Interchanging of genetic material between non-homolygous
chromosomes.
Ex: Usually no serious problems, but can cause serious problems in
offspring.
