TUBOD: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF WATER ACCESS
CHALLENGES AS BASIS FOR DESIGN OF COMMUNITY
RESERVOIR IN SITIO TAGAYTAY, TAMALAGON,
TANGALAN, AKLAN
A CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT
Presented to the Faculty
of the Civil Engineering Program
Aklan State University
College of Engineering and Architecture
Kalibo, Aklan
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
JARED M. JUTIC
EUNILO G. CARILLO
KERVIN REX T. NACAR
LUIS RAFAEL T. GABRIEL
ROGEN CARL C. GAJE
JOHN PETER Z. MORALES
June 2025
, ii
Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Kalibo, Aklan
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT OFFICE (IPMO) KALIBO
This is to certify that the research paper titled TUBOD: A
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF WATER ACCESS CHALLENGES AS
BASIS FOR DESIGN OF COMMUNITY RESERVOIR IN SITIO TAGAYTAY,
TAMALAGON, TANGALAN, AKLAN by JARED M. JUTIC, EUNILO G.
CARILLO, KERVIN REX T. NACAR, LUIS RAFAEL T. GABRIEL, ROGEN
CARL C. GAJE, JOHN PETER Z. MORALES has successfully passed the Plagiarism
and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tests. Including the AI-generated text detection test. The
research paper obtained a similarity index of 8% for the plagiarism test and below 20%
for the AI test.
This certification confirms that the research paper has met the academic standards
set forth by the institution and has demonstrated originality and integrity in its content. The
results of the Plagiarism and AI Tests, including the AI-generated text detection test,
indicate that the research paper has not been generated by AI tools and does not contain
significant instances of plagiarism. It is important to note that while efforts have been made
to detect AI-generated content, only a limited number of instances have been identified.
We commend the student researchers for their diligent work, thorough research,
and commitment to academic excellence in producing a high-quality thesis that upholds
the principles of academic integrity.
This certification is given and issued this 21 st day of May 2024 at the IPMO ASU
Kalibo Campus.
ROWENA P. ROSELO, M.Eng.
IP Coordinator, BSCE
Course Adviser, CE Project 2
MARIE JOY C. ROLDAN, MSHE
Chairperson, Research and Development Services (RDS)
, iii
APPROVAL SHEET
This Civil Engineering Project, “TUBOD: A
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF WATER ACCESS CHALLENGES
AS BASIS FOR DESIGN OF COMMUNITY RESERVOIR IN SITIO
TAGAYTAY, TAMALAGON, TANGALAN, AKLAN” prepared and
submitted by Jared M. Jutic, Eunilo G. Carillo, Kervin Rex T. Nacar, Luis
Rafael T. Gabriel, Rogen Carl C. Gaje, and John Peter Z. Morales in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering, has been evaluated and recommended for acceptance.
Engr. KARLO P. REGALADO CHURCHILL F. ISMAEL, M.Eng.
Course Adviser CE Project Adviser
BOYSIE T. TEJADA, M.Eng. ROWENA P. ROSELO, M.Eng.
Specialization Expert Specialization Expert
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree, Bachelor of
Science in Civil Engineering.
MAY B. CHAN, M.Eng.
Chairperson, Civil Engineering Program
NEIL SAMUEL G. SAMSON, M.Eng.
Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
APRIL 22, 2025
, iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful result of our study is not a one-man effort alone, it is a
collaborative determination, encouragement, and support of every individual and
institution. “Thank you” is an understatement to express our heartfelt gratitude to
everyone who has helped and supported us in one way or another throughout our whole
journey in accomplishing our Research Study.
We would like to express our deep appreciation to our respective families who
supported us endlessly and stood by our side until the very end of our research process.
Their moral support fueled our burning passion to finish this research study and inspired
us to continue despite every difficulty we faced. Aside from the moral support, the most
important thing is their financial support. It is indeed a journey full of both expected and
unexpected expenses, but through the help of our family, the financial burden became
bearable.
We also owe an immense debt of gratitude to our research advisers, Churchill F.
Ismael, M.Eng., Dr. Nel P. Gregorio, Lovely Ruth T. Torres, MAEd., Joanna Mag-
apan, LPT, and Clifford Jay Lachica, LPT, whose expertise, scholarly insight, full
guidance, and constructive critique have served as the firm foundation of our work. Their
belief in the beauty of our research through imparting their knowledge and selflessly
sharing their expertise with us kept us anchored and inspired throughout the whole
journey of our study.
Also extending our thankfulness to the Engineering Program staff headed by the
program Chair, May B. Chan, M.Eng., our course Instructor, Engr. Karlo P. Regalado,
and to all the expert board of panels who helped us develop and improve our academic
, v
perspective and study through their constructive feedback and discussions.
Our appreciation also goes to Joel I. Molas, M.Eng., and Rodel Nalangan, who
unselfishly rendered their time and expertise, despite the time constraint, to help us with
the design of the community reservoir to enrich the whole context of our study.
To the whole community of Sitio Tagaytay, Tamalagon, Tangalan, Aklan,
most especially to the Barangay Officials and all the individuals who served as the
participants in our study, our gratitude goes out to all of them. Their willingness to share
their time and perspective added depth and authenticity to the findings. Without their
generosity and hospitality, our research study wouldn’t be a success.
We also acknowledge the countless unseen individuals who, in one way or
another, help contribute to the very essence of this study. These individuals include all
the authors of the studies and literature we have relied upon.
Above all, we give glory, honor, and praise to God Almighty, whose grace,
wisdom, and strength have sustained us throughout the whole process of our study. His
guidance and divine mercy helped us overcome all the challenges that came our way and
made the completion of our study possible. In times of doubt and uncertainty, we come to
no one but in His mighty presence because we believe that He will neither leave nor
forsake us, most especially in times of our great needs.
To all, we offer our sincere and humble thanks.
JARED M. JUTIC
EUNILO G. CARILLO
KERVIN REX T. NACAR
LUIS RAFAEL T. GABRIEL
ROGEN CARL C. GAJE
JOHN PETER Z. MORALES
, vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
IP CLEARANCE CERTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
CHAPTER PAGE
I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Scope and Limitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Human Rights to Water Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The Essence of Groundwater Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Effects of Climate Change on Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Community Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
, vii
Piping System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Standard Design for Water Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Average Household Water Consumption per Capita . . . . . . . . . 17
Sustainable Water Supply and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
III METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Locale of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sample Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sampling Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Ethical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Limitations of the Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Part I. Water Access Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Part II. Preliminary Design of the Reservoir Tank . . . . . . . . . . 42
, viii
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
A. Interview Guide Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B. Transcription and Translation of Responses . . . . . . . . . . . 80
C. Solving for the Volume of the Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96
D. Detailed Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
E. Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
F. Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
G. Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
, ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. Summary of Preliminary Design Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2. Communal Faucets Distribution and Usage Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
, x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Research Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Location Map of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3. Six-phase guide by Clarke and Braun (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4. 3D Model of Proposed Design of Community Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
5. Top View of the Reservoir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. Side View of the Reservoir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7. The Location of the Reservoir from Sitio Danawan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8. The Location of the Reservoir from Centro 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9. Communal Faucets Locations on Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10. Vicinity Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11. Development Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
12. Water Reservoir Tank Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
13. Beam Framing Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
14. Framing Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
15. General Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
16. Isometric Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
17. Water Reservoir Tank Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
18. Safety Railing Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
19. Ladder and Safety Cage Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
20. Beam and Column Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
CHALLENGES AS BASIS FOR DESIGN OF COMMUNITY
RESERVOIR IN SITIO TAGAYTAY, TAMALAGON,
TANGALAN, AKLAN
A CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT
Presented to the Faculty
of the Civil Engineering Program
Aklan State University
College of Engineering and Architecture
Kalibo, Aklan
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
JARED M. JUTIC
EUNILO G. CARILLO
KERVIN REX T. NACAR
LUIS RAFAEL T. GABRIEL
ROGEN CARL C. GAJE
JOHN PETER Z. MORALES
June 2025
, ii
Republic of the Philippines
AKLAN STATE UNIVERSITY
Kalibo, Aklan
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT OFFICE (IPMO) KALIBO
This is to certify that the research paper titled TUBOD: A
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF WATER ACCESS CHALLENGES AS
BASIS FOR DESIGN OF COMMUNITY RESERVOIR IN SITIO TAGAYTAY,
TAMALAGON, TANGALAN, AKLAN by JARED M. JUTIC, EUNILO G.
CARILLO, KERVIN REX T. NACAR, LUIS RAFAEL T. GABRIEL, ROGEN
CARL C. GAJE, JOHN PETER Z. MORALES has successfully passed the Plagiarism
and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tests. Including the AI-generated text detection test. The
research paper obtained a similarity index of 8% for the plagiarism test and below 20%
for the AI test.
This certification confirms that the research paper has met the academic standards
set forth by the institution and has demonstrated originality and integrity in its content. The
results of the Plagiarism and AI Tests, including the AI-generated text detection test,
indicate that the research paper has not been generated by AI tools and does not contain
significant instances of plagiarism. It is important to note that while efforts have been made
to detect AI-generated content, only a limited number of instances have been identified.
We commend the student researchers for their diligent work, thorough research,
and commitment to academic excellence in producing a high-quality thesis that upholds
the principles of academic integrity.
This certification is given and issued this 21 st day of May 2024 at the IPMO ASU
Kalibo Campus.
ROWENA P. ROSELO, M.Eng.
IP Coordinator, BSCE
Course Adviser, CE Project 2
MARIE JOY C. ROLDAN, MSHE
Chairperson, Research and Development Services (RDS)
, iii
APPROVAL SHEET
This Civil Engineering Project, “TUBOD: A
PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY OF WATER ACCESS CHALLENGES
AS BASIS FOR DESIGN OF COMMUNITY RESERVOIR IN SITIO
TAGAYTAY, TAMALAGON, TANGALAN, AKLAN” prepared and
submitted by Jared M. Jutic, Eunilo G. Carillo, Kervin Rex T. Nacar, Luis
Rafael T. Gabriel, Rogen Carl C. Gaje, and John Peter Z. Morales in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Civil
Engineering, has been evaluated and recommended for acceptance.
Engr. KARLO P. REGALADO CHURCHILL F. ISMAEL, M.Eng.
Course Adviser CE Project Adviser
BOYSIE T. TEJADA, M.Eng. ROWENA P. ROSELO, M.Eng.
Specialization Expert Specialization Expert
Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree, Bachelor of
Science in Civil Engineering.
MAY B. CHAN, M.Eng.
Chairperson, Civil Engineering Program
NEIL SAMUEL G. SAMSON, M.Eng.
Dean, College of Engineering and Architecture
APRIL 22, 2025
, iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful result of our study is not a one-man effort alone, it is a
collaborative determination, encouragement, and support of every individual and
institution. “Thank you” is an understatement to express our heartfelt gratitude to
everyone who has helped and supported us in one way or another throughout our whole
journey in accomplishing our Research Study.
We would like to express our deep appreciation to our respective families who
supported us endlessly and stood by our side until the very end of our research process.
Their moral support fueled our burning passion to finish this research study and inspired
us to continue despite every difficulty we faced. Aside from the moral support, the most
important thing is their financial support. It is indeed a journey full of both expected and
unexpected expenses, but through the help of our family, the financial burden became
bearable.
We also owe an immense debt of gratitude to our research advisers, Churchill F.
Ismael, M.Eng., Dr. Nel P. Gregorio, Lovely Ruth T. Torres, MAEd., Joanna Mag-
apan, LPT, and Clifford Jay Lachica, LPT, whose expertise, scholarly insight, full
guidance, and constructive critique have served as the firm foundation of our work. Their
belief in the beauty of our research through imparting their knowledge and selflessly
sharing their expertise with us kept us anchored and inspired throughout the whole
journey of our study.
Also extending our thankfulness to the Engineering Program staff headed by the
program Chair, May B. Chan, M.Eng., our course Instructor, Engr. Karlo P. Regalado,
and to all the expert board of panels who helped us develop and improve our academic
, v
perspective and study through their constructive feedback and discussions.
Our appreciation also goes to Joel I. Molas, M.Eng., and Rodel Nalangan, who
unselfishly rendered their time and expertise, despite the time constraint, to help us with
the design of the community reservoir to enrich the whole context of our study.
To the whole community of Sitio Tagaytay, Tamalagon, Tangalan, Aklan,
most especially to the Barangay Officials and all the individuals who served as the
participants in our study, our gratitude goes out to all of them. Their willingness to share
their time and perspective added depth and authenticity to the findings. Without their
generosity and hospitality, our research study wouldn’t be a success.
We also acknowledge the countless unseen individuals who, in one way or
another, help contribute to the very essence of this study. These individuals include all
the authors of the studies and literature we have relied upon.
Above all, we give glory, honor, and praise to God Almighty, whose grace,
wisdom, and strength have sustained us throughout the whole process of our study. His
guidance and divine mercy helped us overcome all the challenges that came our way and
made the completion of our study possible. In times of doubt and uncertainty, we come to
no one but in His mighty presence because we believe that He will neither leave nor
forsake us, most especially in times of our great needs.
To all, we offer our sincere and humble thanks.
JARED M. JUTIC
EUNILO G. CARILLO
KERVIN REX T. NACAR
LUIS RAFAEL T. GABRIEL
ROGEN CARL C. GAJE
JOHN PETER Z. MORALES
, vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
IP CLEARANCE CERTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
CHAPTER PAGE
I INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Background of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Scope and Limitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Human Rights to Water Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
The Essence of Groundwater Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Effects of Climate Change on Groundwater . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Community Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
, vii
Piping System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Standard Design for Water Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Average Household Water Consumption per Capita . . . . . . . . . 17
Sustainable Water Supply and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
III METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Locale of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sample Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Sampling Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Ethical Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Limitations of the Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
IV PRESENTATION, ANALYSES AND
INTERPRETATION OF DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Part I. Water Access Challenges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Part II. Preliminary Design of the Reservoir Tank . . . . . . . . . . 42
, viii
V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Summary of Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
A. Interview Guide Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
B. Transcription and Translation of Responses . . . . . . . . . . . 80
C. Solving for the Volume of the Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 96
D. Detailed Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
E. Letters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
F. Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
G. Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121
, ix
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. Summary of Preliminary Design Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2. Communal Faucets Distribution and Usage Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
, x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Research Paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Location Map of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3. Six-phase guide by Clarke and Braun (2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4. 3D Model of Proposed Design of Community Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
5. Top View of the Reservoir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
6. Side View of the Reservoir. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
7. The Location of the Reservoir from Sitio Danawan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
8. The Location of the Reservoir from Centro 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9. Communal Faucets Locations on Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10. Vicinity Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11. Development Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
12. Water Reservoir Tank Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
13. Beam Framing Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
14. Framing Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
15. General Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
16. Isometric Elevation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
17. Water Reservoir Tank Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
18. Safety Railing Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
19. Ladder and Safety Cage Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
20. Beam and Column Details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
