NURS 535 Exam 3, Gastrointestinal
(week 9), GI, and Liver Disorders
Questions and Correct Answers.
caused by stretching, inflammation, or ischemia and originates into the peritoneum (parietal
pain) or in the organs themselves (visceral pain) →back - Answer abdominal pain
can be upper or lower; hematemesis, melena (dark tarry stools), hematochezia (frank bleed
from rectum), occult bleeding (hidden bleeding in stool or vomitus) - Answer GI bleeding
form of functional dysphagia caused by loss of esophageal innervation or relaxation of the LES -
Answer achalasia
characterized by back flow/return of stomach contents to the esophagus→esophagitis; r/t
decreased resting tone of the LES, ↓clearance of refluxed materials from esophagus and
↓esophageal mucosal resistance
clinical manifestations: heartburn and dysphagia (most common), globus sensation, chronic
cough, chest pain - Answer GERD
Barrett esophagus - Answer a result of repetitive damage to the inside of the esophagus; a
complication of GERD along with malignancy
Gastritis - Answer inflammatory d/o of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining); can be acute or
chronic and can effect the fundus, antrum or both
immune type A form of gastritis assoc w/auto-antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic
factor→gastric atrophy & pernicious anemia - Answer chronic fundal gastritis
non-immune type B form of gastritis that caused by H. pylori, NSAIDs, and chronic use of alcohol
- Answer chronic antral gastritis
clinical manifestations are anorexia, fullness, N/V, epigastric pain and gastric bleeding;
symptoms does not always correlate with severity of disease - Answer chronic gastritis
group of chronic disorders characterized by break or ulcer in the mucosal lining of the
esophagus, stomach or duodenum r/t h. pylori, NSAIDS, fam hx, ETOH, smoking, diet, acute
pancreas, COPD, obesity, cirrhosis
, clinical manifestations: epigastric tenderness, sharp, burning, gnawing, aching pain, dyspepsia,
N/V and belching; complications: hemorrhage, perforation and pyloric narrowing and
obstruction - Answer peptic ulcer disease
more prevalent in indiv over 60 yrs of age, caused by h. pylori and NSAIDS, decreased gastric
acid, left of midline-epigastrium tenderness, delayed gastric emptying and increased risk of
cancer
clinical manifestations: pain occurs when stomach is full and is worsened by food; no night pain
- Answer gastric ulcer (antral portion of stomach) diagnosed by endoscopy and tests for h.
pylori-pt older than 50 with new onset symptoms of ulcer should have endoscopic exam to r/o
malignancy
more prevalent in indiv 20-50 yrs of age, caused by h. pylori and NSAIDs, increased gastric acid
mid to right epigastrium tenderness, rapid gastric emptying, no increased risk for cancer
S/S pain occurs when stomach is empty (30 min-2 hrs after meal), pain relieved with food intake
of antacids, pain will occur at night and disappear by morning - Answer duodenal ulcer (most
common)
may be classified as ischemic or cushing ulcers; an acute form of peptic ulcer that tends to
accompany severe illness such as multisystem organ failure or major trauma including severe
burns and head injury - Answer stress ulcer
develop within hours of an event such as hemorrhage, multisystem trauma, severe burns, heart
failure, or sepsis; affects the stomach and duodenal mucosa - Answer ischemic stress ulcer
associated with severe head trauma or brain surgery; results from decreased mucosal blood
flow and hypersecretion of acid caused by over stimulation of the vagal nuclei - Answer
cushing stress ulcer
acute inflamm of vermiform appendix, possibly caused by
obstruct, ischemia, incr intraluminal pressure, infection, ulceration
obstruct of appendix lumen r/t tumor (CA of cecum) or intest parasite
clinical manifestations: epigastric and RLQ pain, rebound tenderness, N/V, fever, leukocytosis
complication: perforation, peritonitis - Answer appendicitis
cause is unknown, but is associated with age over 60 yrs, decreased dietary fiber, increased
intracolonic pressure, abnormal intramuscular function, and alterations in intestinal motility;
can occur anywhere in GI tract but most common in left colon
C/M 80% of patient remain aymptomatic throughout their lifetime; LLQ abd pain, diarrhea,
chronic constipation, distension, gas - Answer diverticular disease
(week 9), GI, and Liver Disorders
Questions and Correct Answers.
caused by stretching, inflammation, or ischemia and originates into the peritoneum (parietal
pain) or in the organs themselves (visceral pain) →back - Answer abdominal pain
can be upper or lower; hematemesis, melena (dark tarry stools), hematochezia (frank bleed
from rectum), occult bleeding (hidden bleeding in stool or vomitus) - Answer GI bleeding
form of functional dysphagia caused by loss of esophageal innervation or relaxation of the LES -
Answer achalasia
characterized by back flow/return of stomach contents to the esophagus→esophagitis; r/t
decreased resting tone of the LES, ↓clearance of refluxed materials from esophagus and
↓esophageal mucosal resistance
clinical manifestations: heartburn and dysphagia (most common), globus sensation, chronic
cough, chest pain - Answer GERD
Barrett esophagus - Answer a result of repetitive damage to the inside of the esophagus; a
complication of GERD along with malignancy
Gastritis - Answer inflammatory d/o of the gastric mucosa (stomach lining); can be acute or
chronic and can effect the fundus, antrum or both
immune type A form of gastritis assoc w/auto-antibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic
factor→gastric atrophy & pernicious anemia - Answer chronic fundal gastritis
non-immune type B form of gastritis that caused by H. pylori, NSAIDs, and chronic use of alcohol
- Answer chronic antral gastritis
clinical manifestations are anorexia, fullness, N/V, epigastric pain and gastric bleeding;
symptoms does not always correlate with severity of disease - Answer chronic gastritis
group of chronic disorders characterized by break or ulcer in the mucosal lining of the
esophagus, stomach or duodenum r/t h. pylori, NSAIDS, fam hx, ETOH, smoking, diet, acute
pancreas, COPD, obesity, cirrhosis
, clinical manifestations: epigastric tenderness, sharp, burning, gnawing, aching pain, dyspepsia,
N/V and belching; complications: hemorrhage, perforation and pyloric narrowing and
obstruction - Answer peptic ulcer disease
more prevalent in indiv over 60 yrs of age, caused by h. pylori and NSAIDS, decreased gastric
acid, left of midline-epigastrium tenderness, delayed gastric emptying and increased risk of
cancer
clinical manifestations: pain occurs when stomach is full and is worsened by food; no night pain
- Answer gastric ulcer (antral portion of stomach) diagnosed by endoscopy and tests for h.
pylori-pt older than 50 with new onset symptoms of ulcer should have endoscopic exam to r/o
malignancy
more prevalent in indiv 20-50 yrs of age, caused by h. pylori and NSAIDs, increased gastric acid
mid to right epigastrium tenderness, rapid gastric emptying, no increased risk for cancer
S/S pain occurs when stomach is empty (30 min-2 hrs after meal), pain relieved with food intake
of antacids, pain will occur at night and disappear by morning - Answer duodenal ulcer (most
common)
may be classified as ischemic or cushing ulcers; an acute form of peptic ulcer that tends to
accompany severe illness such as multisystem organ failure or major trauma including severe
burns and head injury - Answer stress ulcer
develop within hours of an event such as hemorrhage, multisystem trauma, severe burns, heart
failure, or sepsis; affects the stomach and duodenal mucosa - Answer ischemic stress ulcer
associated with severe head trauma or brain surgery; results from decreased mucosal blood
flow and hypersecretion of acid caused by over stimulation of the vagal nuclei - Answer
cushing stress ulcer
acute inflamm of vermiform appendix, possibly caused by
obstruct, ischemia, incr intraluminal pressure, infection, ulceration
obstruct of appendix lumen r/t tumor (CA of cecum) or intest parasite
clinical manifestations: epigastric and RLQ pain, rebound tenderness, N/V, fever, leukocytosis
complication: perforation, peritonitis - Answer appendicitis
cause is unknown, but is associated with age over 60 yrs, decreased dietary fiber, increased
intracolonic pressure, abnormal intramuscular function, and alterations in intestinal motility;
can occur anywhere in GI tract but most common in left colon
C/M 80% of patient remain aymptomatic throughout their lifetime; LLQ abd pain, diarrhea,
chronic constipation, distension, gas - Answer diverticular disease
