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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
ǹ
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cellinjury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
thisprocess.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
ǹ
cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
ǹ
The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the
completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which
includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
asreceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged
`n
particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
certainions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of
ǹ
otherions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the
extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
whichhuman diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human
diseases,including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
`n
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
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membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma
membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve
inwater) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The
bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while
allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to
diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ANS: A
The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The
remainingoptions do not explain the mosaic model.
ǹ
NURSINGTB.COM
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.
ANS: C
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
cellular metabolic absorption.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome
ANS: C
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
information.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
3. Which component of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd TroBg. CenO M
p eroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen
to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes
ANS: B
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate
from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.
ǹ
PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cellinjury?
a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes
ANS: D
,MEDSTUDY.COM
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
thisprocess.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
the ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
ǹ
cell membrane.
b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
cellmembrane.
c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
membrane.
d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
membrane.
ANS: A
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
ǹ
The other options do not correctly describe this process.
NURSINGTB.COM
PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5
6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M
ANS: B
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the
completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which
includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
asreceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?
a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates
ANS: C
NURSINGTB.COM
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE TEST BANK
Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in
and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged
`n
particles called ions or electrolytes and specific carriers for amino acids and
monosaccharides; and
(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of
certainions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of
ǹ
otherions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations found in the
extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
8. Understanding the various steps of proteolytic cascades, such as caspase-mediated
apoptosis and complement cascades, may be useful in designing drug therapy for
whichhuman diseases?
a. Cardiac and vascular disorders
b. Autoimmune and malignant disorders
c. Gastrointestinal and renal disorders
d. Endocrine and gastrointestinal disorders
ANS: B
Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for designing drug
interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features prominently in many human
diseases,including cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative disorders. The other
options do not correctly describe this process.
`n
PTS: 1 REF: Page 15
9. Which structure prevents water-soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
NURSINGTB.COM
membrane?
a. Carbohydrate chains c. Membrane channel proteins
b. Glycoprotein channels d. Lipid bilayer
ANS: D
The bilayer’s structure accounts for one of the essential functions of the plasma
membrane. It is impermeable to most water-soluble molecules (molecules that dissolve
inwater) because the water-soluble molecules are insoluble in the oily core region. The
bilayer serves as a barrier to the diffusion of water and hydrophilic substances while
allowing lipid-soluble molecules, such as oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), to
diffuse through it readily. The other options do not correctly describe this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 12-13
10. The fluid mosaic model explains:
a. How a cell membrane functions
b. Why our bodies appear to be solid
c. How tissue is differentiated
d. How fluid moves between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
ANS: A
The fluid mosaic model accounts for the flexibility of cellular membranes, their
self-sealing properties, and their impermeability to many substances. The
remainingoptions do not explain the mosaic model.
ǹ
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