2026 EXAMPREP STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE Q&A
◉ chemical water treatment methods include what? Answer:
softening
pH adjustment
demineralization
desalinization
oxygen scavenging
chlorination
◉ what is softening used for? Answer: frequently required to
prevent scaling by calcium and magnesium salts.
◉ why is pH adjustment performed? Answer: to cause calcium
carbonate precipitation.
◉ what is demineralization and how is it accomplished? Answer:
removes dissolved minerals from water.
it may be accomplished by deionization using ion exchange resins,
by reverse osmosis, or by distillation.
,◉ how is desalination accomplished and what is its primary use?
Answer: accomplished by reverse osmosis or distillation.
primarily to remove dissolved salts.
◉ what do oxygen scavengers do? Answer: reduce depolarization by
dissolved oxygen.
principle use in boiler systems.
compounds such as sulfites or hydrazine
◉ what is chlorination used for? Answer: in cooling water systems it
is usually required to reduce the likelihood of microbiological
fouling.
◉ what are the main purposes for coatings? Answer: corrosion
control
waterproofing
weatherproofing
biocide application
marine fouling
fireproofing
appearance
color coding
,sanitation and decontamination
safety
prevention of product contamination
friction reduction
wear resistance
heat transfer
electrical insulation
sound deadening
◉ what are the three basic mechanisms of protection? Answer:
barrier
inhibitive pigments
cathodic protection
◉ what is the major purpose of a coating? Answer: to protect a
substrate form the effects of its environment.
◉ what is the purpose of inhibitive pigments? Answer: contain
pigments that react with absorbed moisture vapor within the
coating and then react with the steel surface to passivate it and
decrease its corrosive characteristics.
, ◉ what is the main purpose of CP? Answer: in areas where the
barrier coating is damaged and an electrolyte is present, a galvanic
cell is set up and the metallic coating corrodes preferentially; thus,
providing protection to the metal structure.
◉ what are the desirable properties of a coating? Answer: chemical
resistance
low-moisture permeability
easy application to substrate
adhesion to substrate
cohesive strength
tensile strength
flexibility/elongation
impact resistance
abrasion resistance
temp resistance
resistance to cold flow
dielectric strength
resistance to cathodic disbondment
◉ what is chemical resistance in coatings? Answer: the ability to
resist deterioration of its properties due to chemicals present within
the intended exposure environment.