Advanced Pharmacology: Cardiovascular Drug
Management Questions With Complete Solutions
Abdominal pain Correct Answers Discomfort or pain in the
stomach area.
ACC/AHA 2017 Target BP Correct Answers All adults
(including ≥65 yrs): < 130/80 mmHg
ACE Inhibitors (ACEIs) Correct Answers A class of drugs that
inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, used to treat
hypertension and heart failure.
ACE inhibitors examples Correct Answers Lisinopril, enalapril.
ACEI Cough Correct Answers Caused by bradykinin
accumulation; switch to ARB if needed.
Acetylation Polymorphism Correct Answers Refers to genetic
variations affecting drug metabolism; slow acetylators have
increased drug levels and risk of toxicity.
Acute Renal Failure Risk Correct Answers Increased risk with
NSAIDs or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Additive Effects with Other Cardiac Drugs Correct Answers
Combining beta blockers with non-DHPs increases the risk of
bradycardia, AV block, and heart failure.
Adverse Effects of ACEIs Correct Answers Commonly causes
cough due to increased bradykinin.
,Adverse Effects of Acetazolamide Correct Answers Metabolic
acidosis; Electrolyte abnormalities: ↓ K⁺, ↓ Na⁺; Bone marrow
suppression: Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Pancytopenia;
Hypersensitivity (sulfa drug); Renal stones (due to alkaline
urine)
Adverse Effects of Aliskiren Correct Answers Rarely causes
cough.
Adverse Effects of Alpha-1 Blockers Correct Answers
Orthostatic hypotension (esp. 1st dose), dizziness, syncope,
reflex tachycardia, palpitations, nasal congestion, priapism (rare
but serious)
Adverse Effects of ARBs Correct Answers Rarely causes
cough.
Adverse Effects of beta blockers Correct Answers Bradycardia,
hypotension, fatigue, dizziness, cold extremities, depression,
decreased libido, ED, bronchospasm, masking of hypoglycemia
symptoms
Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Correct
Answers Metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, renal stones
Adverse Effects of Fenoldopam Correct Answers Hypotension,
reflex tachycardia, headache, flushing
, Adverse Effects of Hydralazine Correct Answers Includes
reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, drug-induced fever,
peripheral neuropathy, and lupus-like syndrome.
Adverse effects of loop diuretics Correct Answers
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia,
ototoxicity, volume depletion, prerenal AKI, hyperuricemia.
Adverse Effects of Mannitol Correct Answers Volume overload
(initial); Dehydration (with overdiuresis); Electrolyte
imbalances; Hypotension; Hyponatremia
Adverse Effects of Minoxidil Correct Answers Severe fluid
retention, reflex tachycardia, pericardial effusion, hypertrichosis
(excess hair growth), used topically as Rogaine
Adverse effects of osmotic diuretics Correct Answers Fluid
shifts, pulmonary edema, electrolyte imbalances
Adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics Correct Answers
Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual
irregularities, GI upset, rash
Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics Correct Answers
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia,
hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy cross-reactivity,
may increase serum lithium levels.
Aldosterone antagonists Correct Answers Types include
Spironolactone and Eplerenone
Management Questions With Complete Solutions
Abdominal pain Correct Answers Discomfort or pain in the
stomach area.
ACC/AHA 2017 Target BP Correct Answers All adults
(including ≥65 yrs): < 130/80 mmHg
ACE Inhibitors (ACEIs) Correct Answers A class of drugs that
inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme, used to treat
hypertension and heart failure.
ACE inhibitors examples Correct Answers Lisinopril, enalapril.
ACEI Cough Correct Answers Caused by bradykinin
accumulation; switch to ARB if needed.
Acetylation Polymorphism Correct Answers Refers to genetic
variations affecting drug metabolism; slow acetylators have
increased drug levels and risk of toxicity.
Acute Renal Failure Risk Correct Answers Increased risk with
NSAIDs or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
Additive Effects with Other Cardiac Drugs Correct Answers
Combining beta blockers with non-DHPs increases the risk of
bradycardia, AV block, and heart failure.
Adverse Effects of ACEIs Correct Answers Commonly causes
cough due to increased bradykinin.
,Adverse Effects of Acetazolamide Correct Answers Metabolic
acidosis; Electrolyte abnormalities: ↓ K⁺, ↓ Na⁺; Bone marrow
suppression: Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Pancytopenia;
Hypersensitivity (sulfa drug); Renal stones (due to alkaline
urine)
Adverse Effects of Aliskiren Correct Answers Rarely causes
cough.
Adverse Effects of Alpha-1 Blockers Correct Answers
Orthostatic hypotension (esp. 1st dose), dizziness, syncope,
reflex tachycardia, palpitations, nasal congestion, priapism (rare
but serious)
Adverse Effects of ARBs Correct Answers Rarely causes
cough.
Adverse Effects of beta blockers Correct Answers Bradycardia,
hypotension, fatigue, dizziness, cold extremities, depression,
decreased libido, ED, bronchospasm, masking of hypoglycemia
symptoms
Adverse effects of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors Correct
Answers Metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, renal stones
Adverse Effects of Fenoldopam Correct Answers Hypotension,
reflex tachycardia, headache, flushing
, Adverse Effects of Hydralazine Correct Answers Includes
reflex tachycardia, fluid retention, drug-induced fever,
peripheral neuropathy, and lupus-like syndrome.
Adverse effects of loop diuretics Correct Answers
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia,
ototoxicity, volume depletion, prerenal AKI, hyperuricemia.
Adverse Effects of Mannitol Correct Answers Volume overload
(initial); Dehydration (with overdiuresis); Electrolyte
imbalances; Hypotension; Hyponatremia
Adverse Effects of Minoxidil Correct Answers Severe fluid
retention, reflex tachycardia, pericardial effusion, hypertrichosis
(excess hair growth), used topically as Rogaine
Adverse effects of osmotic diuretics Correct Answers Fluid
shifts, pulmonary edema, electrolyte imbalances
Adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics Correct Answers
Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual
irregularities, GI upset, rash
Adverse effects of thiazide diuretics Correct Answers
Hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, hypercalcemia,
hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, sulfa allergy cross-reactivity,
may increase serum lithium levels.
Aldosterone antagonists Correct Answers Types include
Spironolactone and Eplerenone
