, SOLUTION MANUAL FOR
Elementary Statistics Picturing the World, 9th edition Larson
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
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, STUDENT’S SOLUTIONS
MANUAL
E LEMENTARY S TATISTICS
P ICTURING THE W ORLD
NINTH EDITION
RON LARSON
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
THE BEHREND COLLEGE
,Please contact https://support.pearson.com/getsupport/s/ with any queries on this content.
.
The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include
the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author
and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the
documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these
programs.
Copyright © 2026, 2023, 2019, 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, 221 River
Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of
America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or
transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate
contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please
visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
PPID: A103000410725
,CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 1
Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics 9
Chapter 3 Probability 65
Chapter 4 Discrete Probability Distributions 86
Chapter 5 Normal Probability Distributions 105
Chapter 6 Confidence Intervals 136
Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample 154
Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples 184
Chapter 9 Correlation and Regression 209
Chapter 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution 237
Chapter 11 Nonparametric Tests 268
Chapter 6 Alternate (Online) Confidence Intervals 298
Version
Appendix A Alternative Presentation of the Standard 316
Normal Distribution
Appendix C Normal Probability Plots 317
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
,
, CHAPTER
Introduction to Statistics
1
1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF STATISTICS
1.1 TRY IT YOURSELF SOLUTIONS
1. The population consists of the responses of all teens in the United States. The sample consists of the
responses of the 846 teens in the survey. The sample data set consists of the 525 teens who said
generative artificial intelligence will help them learn things they will need to know in their future
careers and 321 teens who did not.
2a. Population parameter, because the total spent on employees’ salaries, $5,150,694, is based on the
entire company.
b. Sample statistic, because 14% is based on a subset of the population.
3a. The population consists of the responses of all U.S. adults, and the sample consists of the responses of
the 2000 U.S. adults surveyed.
b. The statement, “Thirty-eight percent of the respondents said 7 to 10 seconds,” represents the
descriptive branch of statistics.
c. A possible inference drawn from the study is that nearly two in five U.S. adults are willing to wait 7
to 10 seconds for a website to load.
1.1 EXERCISE SOLUTIONS
1. A sample is a subset of a population.
3. A parameter is a numerical description of a population characteristic. A statistic is a numerical
description of a sample characteristic.
5. False. A statistic is a numerical description of a sample characteristic.
7. True
9. False. A population is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of
interest.
11. Population, because it is a collection of the years of service of each member of a volunteer fire
department.
13. Sample, because the collection of 100 voters is a subset of the population of all voters at the polling
station.
15. Sample, because the collection of the 5 oxygen levels of the patient is a subset of all oxygen levels for
the patient during the ambulance transport.
1
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
,2 CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
17. Population, because it is the collection of the grade point averages for each student in the graduating
class.
19. Sample, because only the age of every fourth dog at an animal shelter is recorded.
21. Population: Marriage status of voters
Sample: Marriage status of voters who respond to a survey
23. Population: Ages of motor vehicle owners
Sample: Ages of sports car owners
25. Population: Collections of the responses of all U.S. adults
Sample: Collection of the responses of the 750 U.S. adults surveyed
Sample data set: 39% of adults who have a favorable view of Cuba and 61% who do not
27. Population: Collection of the responses of all U.S. parents with children younger than 18
Sample: Collection of the responses of 3757 U.S. parents with children younger than 18 surveyed
Sample data set: 26% of U.S. parents with children younger than 18, who feel they praise their
kids too much and 74% who do not
29. Population: Collection of responses from small business owners
Sample: Collection of responses of 3119 U.S. small business owners surveyed
Sample data set: 61% of small business owners who support a minimum wage increase, and 39% who
do not
31. Population: Collection of all teens ages 13 to 17
Sample: Collection of responses of 1138 teens ages 13 to 17 surveyed
Sample data set: 73% of teens ages 13 to 17 who say their emotional well-being negatively impacted
when they sleep less than usual, and 27% who do not
33. Population: Collection of all companies listed in the Standard & Poor’s 500
Sample: Collection of the responses of the 48 Standard & Poor’s 500 companies surveyed
Sample data set: Starting salaries of the 48 companies surveyed
35. Sample statistic. The value $72,550 is a numerical description of a sample of average salaries.
37. Population parameter. The 706 surviving passengers out of the 2240 total passengers is a numerical
description of all the passengers of the Titanic who survived.
39. Sample statistic. The value of 26% is a numerical description of the sample of people who shop at a
national grocery chain.
41. Sample statistic. The value 79% is a numerical description of a sample of 1016 U.S. adults.
43. The statement “73% say their emotional well-being is negatively impacted when they sleep less than
usual” is an example of descriptive statistics. Using inferential statistics, you may conclude that an
association exists between emotional well-being and sleeping less than usual.
45. Answers will vary.
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
, CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS 3
47. Answers will vary.
49. (a) The sample is scores on quizzes and midterm exams by the participants in the study.
(b) The population is the collection of all of the college students’ scores on quizzes and midterm
exams.
(c) The statement “participants earned higher scores on quizzes and midterm exams with better
sleep” is an example of descriptive statistics.
(d) Individuals who sleep better will be more likely to perform better on quizzes and midterm exams
than they would with worse sleep.
1.2 DATA CLASSIFICATION
1.2 TRY IT YOURSELF SOLUTIONS
1. The city names are nonnumerical entries, so these are qualitative data. The city populations are
numerical entries, so these are quantitative data.
2. (1) Ordinal, because the data can be put in order.
(2) Nominal, because no mathematical computations can be made.
3. (1) Interval, because the data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it
does not make sense to write a ratio using the temperatures.
(2) Ratio, because the data can be ordered, meaningful differences can be calculated, the data can be
written as a ratio, and the data set contains an inherent zero.
1.2 EXERCISE SOLUTIONS
1. Nominal and ordinal
3. False. Data at the ordinal level can be qualitative or quantitative.
5. False. More types of calculations can be performed with data at the interval level than with data at the
nominal level.
7. Quantitative, because lengths of songs (in seconds) are numerical measurements.
9. Qualitative, because flavors are nonnumerical entries.
11. Qualitative, because names are labels.
13. Quantitative, because temperatures are numerical measurements.
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 4 CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
15. Ratio. A ratio of two data values can be formed, so one data value can be expressed as a multiple of
another.
17. Interval. Data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it does not make
sense to say that one time is a multiple of another.
19. Interval. Data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it does not make
sense to say that one year is a multiple of another.
21. Horizontal: Nominal; Vertical: Ratio
23. Horizontal: Nominal; Vertical: Ratio
25. (a) Interval (b) Nominal (c) Ratio (d) Ordinal
27. Qualitative. Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between data entries make no sense.
29. Qualitative. Nominal. No mathematical computations can be made, and data are categorized by region.
31. Qualitative. Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between data entries are not
meaningful.
33. An inherent zero is a zero that implies “none.” Answers will vary.
1.3 DATA COLLECTION AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
1.3 TRY IT YOURSELF SOLUTIONS
1. Because the study does not attempt to influence the subjects (there is no treatment), it is an
observational study.
2. There is no way to tell why the people quit smoking. They could have quit smoking as a result of
either chewing the gum or watching the video. The gum and the video could be confounding
variables. To improve the study, two experiments could be done, one using the gum and the other
using the video. Or just conduct one experiment using either the gum or the video.
3. Sample answer: Assign numbers 1 to 79 to the employees of the company. Use the table of random
numbers and obtain 63, 7, 40, 19, and 26. The employees assigned these numbers will make up the
sample.
4. (1) The sample was selected by using the students in a randomly chosen class. This is cluster
sampling.
(2) The sample was selected by numbering each student in the school, randomly choosing a starting
number, and selecting students at regular intervals from the starting number. This is systematic
sampling.
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
Elementary Statistics Picturing the World, 9th edition Larson
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
Purchase Guarantee
If you believe you have purchased the wrong file, don’t worry. Contact us anytime and we
will gladly replace it with the correct version.
Contact Email:
, STUDENT’S SOLUTIONS
MANUAL
E LEMENTARY S TATISTICS
P ICTURING THE W ORLD
NINTH EDITION
RON LARSON
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
THE BEHREND COLLEGE
,Please contact https://support.pearson.com/getsupport/s/ with any queries on this content.
.
The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include
the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. The author
and publisher make no warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, with regard to these programs or the
documentation contained in this book. The author and publisher shall not be liable in any event for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with, or arising out of, the furnishing, performance, or use of these
programs.
Copyright © 2026, 2023, 2019, 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates, 221 River
Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030. All Rights Reserved. Manufactured in the United States of
America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from
the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or
transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise. For information regarding permissions, request forms, and the appropriate
contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights and Permissions department, please
visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/.
PPID: A103000410725
,CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics 1
Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics 9
Chapter 3 Probability 65
Chapter 4 Discrete Probability Distributions 86
Chapter 5 Normal Probability Distributions 105
Chapter 6 Confidence Intervals 136
Chapter 7 Hypothesis Testing with One Sample 154
Chapter 8 Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples 184
Chapter 9 Correlation and Regression 209
Chapter 10 Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution 237
Chapter 11 Nonparametric Tests 268
Chapter 6 Alternate (Online) Confidence Intervals 298
Version
Appendix A Alternative Presentation of the Standard 316
Normal Distribution
Appendix C Normal Probability Plots 317
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
,
, CHAPTER
Introduction to Statistics
1
1.1 AN OVERVIEW OF STATISTICS
1.1 TRY IT YOURSELF SOLUTIONS
1. The population consists of the responses of all teens in the United States. The sample consists of the
responses of the 846 teens in the survey. The sample data set consists of the 525 teens who said
generative artificial intelligence will help them learn things they will need to know in their future
careers and 321 teens who did not.
2a. Population parameter, because the total spent on employees’ salaries, $5,150,694, is based on the
entire company.
b. Sample statistic, because 14% is based on a subset of the population.
3a. The population consists of the responses of all U.S. adults, and the sample consists of the responses of
the 2000 U.S. adults surveyed.
b. The statement, “Thirty-eight percent of the respondents said 7 to 10 seconds,” represents the
descriptive branch of statistics.
c. A possible inference drawn from the study is that nearly two in five U.S. adults are willing to wait 7
to 10 seconds for a website to load.
1.1 EXERCISE SOLUTIONS
1. A sample is a subset of a population.
3. A parameter is a numerical description of a population characteristic. A statistic is a numerical
description of a sample characteristic.
5. False. A statistic is a numerical description of a sample characteristic.
7. True
9. False. A population is the collection of all outcomes, responses, measurements, or counts that are of
interest.
11. Population, because it is a collection of the years of service of each member of a volunteer fire
department.
13. Sample, because the collection of 100 voters is a subset of the population of all voters at the polling
station.
15. Sample, because the collection of the 5 oxygen levels of the patient is a subset of all oxygen levels for
the patient during the ambulance transport.
1
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
,2 CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
17. Population, because it is the collection of the grade point averages for each student in the graduating
class.
19. Sample, because only the age of every fourth dog at an animal shelter is recorded.
21. Population: Marriage status of voters
Sample: Marriage status of voters who respond to a survey
23. Population: Ages of motor vehicle owners
Sample: Ages of sports car owners
25. Population: Collections of the responses of all U.S. adults
Sample: Collection of the responses of the 750 U.S. adults surveyed
Sample data set: 39% of adults who have a favorable view of Cuba and 61% who do not
27. Population: Collection of the responses of all U.S. parents with children younger than 18
Sample: Collection of the responses of 3757 U.S. parents with children younger than 18 surveyed
Sample data set: 26% of U.S. parents with children younger than 18, who feel they praise their
kids too much and 74% who do not
29. Population: Collection of responses from small business owners
Sample: Collection of responses of 3119 U.S. small business owners surveyed
Sample data set: 61% of small business owners who support a minimum wage increase, and 39% who
do not
31. Population: Collection of all teens ages 13 to 17
Sample: Collection of responses of 1138 teens ages 13 to 17 surveyed
Sample data set: 73% of teens ages 13 to 17 who say their emotional well-being negatively impacted
when they sleep less than usual, and 27% who do not
33. Population: Collection of all companies listed in the Standard & Poor’s 500
Sample: Collection of the responses of the 48 Standard & Poor’s 500 companies surveyed
Sample data set: Starting salaries of the 48 companies surveyed
35. Sample statistic. The value $72,550 is a numerical description of a sample of average salaries.
37. Population parameter. The 706 surviving passengers out of the 2240 total passengers is a numerical
description of all the passengers of the Titanic who survived.
39. Sample statistic. The value of 26% is a numerical description of the sample of people who shop at a
national grocery chain.
41. Sample statistic. The value 79% is a numerical description of a sample of 1016 U.S. adults.
43. The statement “73% say their emotional well-being is negatively impacted when they sleep less than
usual” is an example of descriptive statistics. Using inferential statistics, you may conclude that an
association exists between emotional well-being and sleeping less than usual.
45. Answers will vary.
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
, CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS 3
47. Answers will vary.
49. (a) The sample is scores on quizzes and midterm exams by the participants in the study.
(b) The population is the collection of all of the college students’ scores on quizzes and midterm
exams.
(c) The statement “participants earned higher scores on quizzes and midterm exams with better
sleep” is an example of descriptive statistics.
(d) Individuals who sleep better will be more likely to perform better on quizzes and midterm exams
than they would with worse sleep.
1.2 DATA CLASSIFICATION
1.2 TRY IT YOURSELF SOLUTIONS
1. The city names are nonnumerical entries, so these are qualitative data. The city populations are
numerical entries, so these are quantitative data.
2. (1) Ordinal, because the data can be put in order.
(2) Nominal, because no mathematical computations can be made.
3. (1) Interval, because the data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it
does not make sense to write a ratio using the temperatures.
(2) Ratio, because the data can be ordered, meaningful differences can be calculated, the data can be
written as a ratio, and the data set contains an inherent zero.
1.2 EXERCISE SOLUTIONS
1. Nominal and ordinal
3. False. Data at the ordinal level can be qualitative or quantitative.
5. False. More types of calculations can be performed with data at the interval level than with data at the
nominal level.
7. Quantitative, because lengths of songs (in seconds) are numerical measurements.
9. Qualitative, because flavors are nonnumerical entries.
11. Qualitative, because names are labels.
13. Quantitative, because temperatures are numerical measurements.
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
, 4 CHAPTER 1 │ INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
15. Ratio. A ratio of two data values can be formed, so one data value can be expressed as a multiple of
another.
17. Interval. Data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it does not make
sense to say that one time is a multiple of another.
19. Interval. Data can be ordered and meaningful differences can be calculated, but it does not make
sense to say that one year is a multiple of another.
21. Horizontal: Nominal; Vertical: Ratio
23. Horizontal: Nominal; Vertical: Ratio
25. (a) Interval (b) Nominal (c) Ratio (d) Ordinal
27. Qualitative. Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between data entries make no sense.
29. Qualitative. Nominal. No mathematical computations can be made, and data are categorized by region.
31. Qualitative. Ordinal. Data can be arranged in order, but the differences between data entries are not
meaningful.
33. An inherent zero is a zero that implies “none.” Answers will vary.
1.3 DATA COLLECTION AND EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
1.3 TRY IT YOURSELF SOLUTIONS
1. Because the study does not attempt to influence the subjects (there is no treatment), it is an
observational study.
2. There is no way to tell why the people quit smoking. They could have quit smoking as a result of
either chewing the gum or watching the video. The gum and the video could be confounding
variables. To improve the study, two experiments could be done, one using the gum and the other
using the video. Or just conduct one experiment using either the gum or the video.
3. Sample answer: Assign numbers 1 to 79 to the employees of the company. Use the table of random
numbers and obtain 63, 7, 40, 19, and 26. The employees assigned these numbers will make up the
sample.
4. (1) The sample was selected by using the students in a randomly chosen class. This is cluster
sampling.
(2) The sample was selected by numbering each student in the school, randomly choosing a starting
number, and selecting students at regular intervals from the starting number. This is systematic
sampling.
Copyright © 2026 Pearson Education, Inc.
