GERIATRIC NUTRITION EXAM 2026-2027
TESTBANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: oropharyngeal (4)
Xerostomia
Poor dentition
Altered taste perception
Decreased olfactory discrimination
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: esophagus (6)
Reduced resting upper esophageal sphincter pressure
Reduced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation
Delayed esophageal emptying
Decreased contraction velocity and duration
Reduced myenteric ganglion cells
Thickening of smooth muscle layer
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Stomach (2)
Decrease mucosal prostaglandin, sodium, bicarbonate and mucous secretion
Possible delayed gastric emptying
,Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Pancreas (4)
Increased gallstone formation
Decreased glucose tolerance
Insulin secretory defects
Decrease beta cell sensitivity to incretin hormones
Impaired beta cell compensation with glucose load
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Liver (3)
Decline in organ volume and blood flow
Reduction in metabolic capacity
Reduced hepatic drug clearance of rapidly cleared drugs
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Small intestine
(1)
Possible decreased small bowel transit
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Colon (1)
No significant changes
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Ano-rectum (5)
,Reduced rectal compliance
Impaired recital sensation
Decreased sphincter pressures
Increased constipation
Increased fecal incontinence
Changes in Intestinal absorption of nutrients with aging: reduced absorption (7)
CHO
Protein
Triglycerides
Folate
Vit B 12
Vit D
Calcium
Vitamin and minerals that experience no changes in Intestinal absorption of
nutrients with aging (7)
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Vit K
Zinc
Magnesium
Iron
, Changes in Intestinal absorption of nutrients with aging: increased absorption (3)
Cholesterol
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Drugs that may cause anorexia (10)
Anticonvulsants
Digoxin
Estrogens
H2 blockers
Hypnotics
Narcotics
NSAIDS
Proton pump inhibitors
SSRIs
Thyroid replacements
Drugs that may alter taste (11)
Allopurinol
Antihistamines
Beta 2 agonists
TESTBANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: oropharyngeal (4)
Xerostomia
Poor dentition
Altered taste perception
Decreased olfactory discrimination
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: esophagus (6)
Reduced resting upper esophageal sphincter pressure
Reduced lower esophageal sphincter relaxation
Delayed esophageal emptying
Decreased contraction velocity and duration
Reduced myenteric ganglion cells
Thickening of smooth muscle layer
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Stomach (2)
Decrease mucosal prostaglandin, sodium, bicarbonate and mucous secretion
Possible delayed gastric emptying
,Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Pancreas (4)
Increased gallstone formation
Decreased glucose tolerance
Insulin secretory defects
Decrease beta cell sensitivity to incretin hormones
Impaired beta cell compensation with glucose load
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Liver (3)
Decline in organ volume and blood flow
Reduction in metabolic capacity
Reduced hepatic drug clearance of rapidly cleared drugs
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Small intestine
(1)
Possible decreased small bowel transit
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Colon (1)
No significant changes
Age related changes in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology: Ano-rectum (5)
,Reduced rectal compliance
Impaired recital sensation
Decreased sphincter pressures
Increased constipation
Increased fecal incontinence
Changes in Intestinal absorption of nutrients with aging: reduced absorption (7)
CHO
Protein
Triglycerides
Folate
Vit B 12
Vit D
Calcium
Vitamin and minerals that experience no changes in Intestinal absorption of
nutrients with aging (7)
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Vit K
Zinc
Magnesium
Iron
, Changes in Intestinal absorption of nutrients with aging: increased absorption (3)
Cholesterol
Vitamin C
Vitamin A
Drugs that may cause anorexia (10)
Anticonvulsants
Digoxin
Estrogens
H2 blockers
Hypnotics
Narcotics
NSAIDS
Proton pump inhibitors
SSRIs
Thyroid replacements
Drugs that may alter taste (11)
Allopurinol
Antihistamines
Beta 2 agonists
